Sokolinskaya E L, Kolesov D V, Lukyanov K A, Bogdanov A M
Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russia.
Acta Naturae. 2020 Jul-Sep;12(3):81-91. doi: 10.32607/actanaturae.11038.
Chemoreception, an ability to perceive specific chemical stimuli, is one of the most evolutionarily ancient forms of interaction between living organisms and their environment. Chemoreception systems are found in organisms belonging to all biological kingdoms. In higher multicellular animals, chemoreception (along with photo- and mechanoreception) underlies the functioning of five traditional senses. Insects have developed a peculiar and one of the most sophisticated chemoreception systems, which exploits at least three receptor superfamilies providing perception of smell and taste, as well as chemical communication in these animals. The enormous diversity of physiologically relevant compounds in the environment has given rise to a wide-ranging repertoire of chemoreceptors of various specificities. Thus, in insects, they are represented by several structurally and functionally distinct protein classes and are encoded by hundreds of genes. In the current review, we briefly characterize the insect chemoreception system by describing the main groups of receptors that constitute it and putting emphasis on the peculiar architecture and mechanisms of functioning possessed by these molecules.
化学感受，即感知特定化学刺激的能力，是生物体与其环境之间最古老的进化形式之一。在所有生物界的生物体中都能发现化学感受系统。在高等多细胞动物中，化学感受（连同光感受和机械感受）是五种传统感官功能的基础。昆虫已经发展出一种独特且极其复杂的化学感受系统，该系统利用至少三个受体超家族来实现嗅觉、味觉感知以及这些动物之间的化学通讯。环境中生理相关化合物的巨大多样性导致了具有各种特异性的化学感受器的广泛存在。因此，在昆虫中，它们由几种结构和功能不同的蛋白质类别代表，并由数百个基因编码。在本综述中，我们通过描述构成昆虫化学感受系统的主要受体组，并强调这些分子独特的结构和功能机制，简要地对其进行了表征。
