Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 Apr;15(4):389-399. doi: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1848543. Epub 2020 Nov 30.
: Liver metastasis is the main cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC). Premetastatic niche (PMN), a favorable microenvironment for cancer cells colonization at the distant organ, plays a pivotal role in CRC liver metastasis (CRCLM). Our understanding of the mechanisms mediating the formation of liver PMN in CRC has been significantly advanced in recent years, there are still many challenges and questions that remain.: This review covers cellular and molecular components, and the interaction of theprimary cancer with the resident microenvironment of the distant organ that leads to PMN formation in CRCLM based on the latest literature.: Various cellular and molecular events are involved in the liver PMN formation in CRC such as bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs), hepatic stellate cells, Kupffer cells, extracellular matrix, and CRC-derived factors. The formation of the liver PMN depends on a complex interaction of CRC with the liver microenvironment including BMDCs recruitment, vascularization, immunosuppression, inflammatory response, and extracellular matrix remodeling. This review firstly discusses on the cellular and molecular components contributing to the formation of the liver PMN in CRC, so as to provide new ideas for designing effective therapeutic strategies and prognostic markers for CRCLM.
肝转移是结直肠癌（CRC）患者死亡的主要原因。癌前转移龛（PMN）是癌细胞在远处器官定植的有利微环境，在 CRC 肝转移（CRCLM）中发挥着关键作用。近年来，我们对介导 CRC 肝 PMN 形成的机制的理解有了显著的提高，但仍有许多挑战和问题亟待解决。
本综述根据最新文献，涵盖了细胞和分子成分，以及原发性肿瘤与远处器官固有微环境相互作用导致 CRCLM 中 PMN 形成的机制。在 CRC 中，多种细胞和分子事件参与了肝 PMN 的形成，如骨髓来源细胞（BMDCs）、肝星状细胞、枯否细胞、细胞外基质和 CRC 衍生因子。PMN 的形成依赖于 CRC 与包括 BMDCs 募集、血管生成、免疫抑制、炎症反应和细胞外基质重塑在内的肝微环境的复杂相互作用。本综述首先讨论了有助于 CRC 肝 PMN 形成的细胞和分子成分，以期为 CRCLM 的有效治疗策略和预后标志物的设计提供新的思路。
