Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 5024E, Maracanã, CEP: 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Ecotoxicology. 2021 Jan;30(1):130-141. doi: 10.1007/s10646-020-02304-2. Epub 2020 Nov 11.
The João Mendes River - an important contributor to the Piratininga/Itaipu lagoon system in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil - receives untreated sewage from the population occupying the drainage basin with no proper sanitation infrastructure. The present study assessed the ecological risk resulting from the presence of five organic micropollutants (17α-ethynylestradiol, ibuprofen, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, bisphenol A) based on four monitoring campaigns which included three sampling points and one reference area. Chronic ecotoxicity assays were conducted with the bioindicators R. subcapitata, C. dubia and O. niloticus. Estrogenicity was assessed with genetically modified S. cerevisiae based on YES protocol. The Ecological Risk Assessment was conducted based on the Chemical and the Ecotoxicological Lines of Evidence (LoE). In order to analyse the results from different sampling points, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using a correlation matrix. Micropollutants below limit of detection or in very low concentrations were detected in the reference area; no significant differences were observed when samples from the reference area were compared to the negative controls for the ecotoxicity assays. A PCA including selected variables revealed the latent relationships among the three sampling points (not verified for the reference area), which confirmed the analytical results. An extreme ecological risk index was estimated for all sampling points in all campaigns. The extreme ecological risk index was mostly associated to the high concentrations of 17α-ethynylestradiol and the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole.
若昂·门德斯河是巴西里约热内卢州皮拉廷加/伊塔普伊泻湖系统的重要支流，接纳了流域内没有适当卫生基础设施的居民排放的未经处理的污水。本研究评估了五种有机微量污染物（17α-乙炔雌二醇、布洛芬、甲氧苄啶、磺胺甲恶唑、双酚 A）存在所带来的生态风险，共进行了四次监测活动，包括三个采样点和一个参照区。利用模式生物莱茵衣藻、大型溞和奥利亚罗非鱼进行了慢性生态毒性试验。采用基于 YES 方案的基因改造酿酒酵母评估了雌激素活性。生态风险评估基于化学和生态毒理学证据线（LoE）进行。为了分析不同采样点的结果，采用相关矩阵进行了主成分分析（PCA）。在参照区检测到低于检测限或浓度非常低的微量污染物；生态毒性试验的参照区样本与阴性对照相比，未观察到显著差异。一个包含选定变量的 PCA 揭示了三个采样点（参照区未验证）之间的潜在关系，这证实了分析结果。在所有监测活动中，所有采样点的极端生态风险指数均被估计。极端生态风险指数主要与 17α-乙炔雌二醇和抗生素磺胺甲恶唑的高浓度有关。
