Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5287, INCIA, Zone nord, Bat 2, 2e étage, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France.
Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5287, INCIA, Zone nord, Bat 2, 2e étage, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France.
Neurophysiol Clin. 2020 Nov;50(6):467-477. doi: 10.1016/j.neucli.2020.10.012. Epub 2020 Nov 8.
Body displacement during locomotion is a major challenge for motor control, requiring complex synergistic postural regulation and the integrated functioning of all body musculature, including that of the four limbs, trunk and neck. Despite the obvious pivotal role played by the trunk during locomotion, most studies devoted to understanding the neural basis of locomotor control have only addressed the operation of the neural circuits driving leg movements, and relatively little is known of the networks that control trunk muscles in limbed vertebrates. This review addresses this issue, both in animals and humans. We first review studies addressing the central role played by central pattern generator (CPG) circuit interactions within the spinal cord in coordinating trunk and hind limb muscle activities in a variety of vertebrates, and present evidence that vestibulo-spinal reflexes are differentially involved in trunk and hind limb control. We finally highlight the role of the various components that participate in maintaining dynamic equilibrium during stepping, including connective tissues. We propose that many aspects of the organization of the motor systems involved in trunk-hind limb movement control in vertebrates have been highly conserved throughout evolution.
运动过程中的身体位移是运动控制的主要挑战，需要复杂的协同姿势调节和全身所有肌肉的综合功能，包括四肢、躯干和颈部的肌肉。尽管在运动过程中躯干起着明显的关键作用，但大多数致力于理解运动控制神经基础的研究仅涉及驱动腿部运动的神经回路的运作，而对于控制有肢脊椎动物躯干肌肉的网络知之甚少。本综述在动物和人类中都探讨了这个问题。我们首先回顾了研究中央模式发生器（CPG）电路相互作用在协调各种脊椎动物的躯干和后肢肌肉活动中的核心作用，并提出了前庭脊髓反射在躯干和后肢控制中差异参与的证据。我们最后强调了在踏步过程中参与维持动态平衡的各种组成部分的作用，包括结缔组织。我们提出，在脊椎动物中参与躯干-后肢运动控制的运动系统的许多组织方面在整个进化过程中都得到了高度保守。
