GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Canterbury, New Zealand.
Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2021 Feb;45(2):438-448. doi: 10.1038/s41366-020-00699-w. Epub 2020 Nov 11.
The prevalence of children with elevated weight or obesity is concerning for public health due to associated comorbidities. This study investigates associations between parental adiposity, physical activity (PA), fruit and vegetable consumption, and child adiposity and moderation by both child and parent gender.
Cross-sectional nationally representative data from the New Zealand Health Survey were pooled for the years 2013/14-2016/17. Parent and child surveys were matched resulting in 13,039 child (2-14 years) and parent (15-70 years) dyads. Parent and child, height (cm), weight (kg) and waist circumference (WC) were measured objectively. Height and weight were used to calculate BMI. Linear regression, accounting for clustered samples (b [95% CI]) investigated associations between parental characteristics and child BMI z-score and WC. Interactions and stratification were used to investigate effect moderation by parent gender, child gender, and parent adiposity.
Parental PA and fruit and vegetable consumption were unrelated to child adiposity. Overall, higher parent BMI was related to a higher child BMI z-score (b = 0.047 [0.042, 0.052]) and higher parental WC was related to a higher child WC (0.15 [0.12, 0.17]). A three-way interaction revealed no moderation by parent gender, child gender, and parent BMI for child BMI z-score ((b = 0.005 [-0.017, 0.027], p = 0.318). However, a three-way interaction revealed moderation by parent gender, child gender, and parent WC for child WC (b = 0.13 [0.05, 0.22]). The slightly stronger associations were seen between father-son WC (b = 0.20 [0.15, 0.24]) and mother-daughter WC (b = 0.19 [0.15, 0.22]).
The findings are highly relevant for those wishing to understand the complex relationships between child-parent obesity factors. Findings suggest that family environments should be a key target for obesity intervention efforts and show how future public health interventions should be differentiated to account for both maternal and paternal influences on child adiposity.
由于与肥胖相关的合并症，体重或肥胖儿童的流行对公共健康构成了关注。本研究调查了父母肥胖、身体活动（PA）、水果和蔬菜摄入与儿童肥胖之间的关联，并通过儿童和父母的性别进行了调节。
对 2013/14 年至 2016/17 年新西兰健康调查的全国代表性横断面数据进行了汇总。父母和儿童的调查进行了匹配，共得到 13039 对儿童（2-14 岁）和父母（15-70 岁）。客观测量了父母和儿童的身高（cm）、体重（kg）和腰围（WC）。身高和体重用于计算 BMI。线性回归，考虑到聚类样本（b[95%CI]），调查了父母特征与儿童 BMI z 评分和 WC 之间的关联。采用交互作用和分层来研究父母性别、儿童性别和父母肥胖对效应的调节作用。
父母的 PA 和水果及蔬菜的摄入与儿童肥胖无关。总体而言，父母 BMI 越高，儿童 BMI z 评分越高（b=0.047[0.042, 0.052]），父母 WC 越高，儿童 WC 越高（0.15[0.12, 0.17]）。三方交互作用表明，父母性别、儿童性别和父母 BMI 对儿童 BMI z 评分无调节作用（b=0.005[-0.017, 0.027]，p=0.318）。然而，三方交互作用表明，父母性别、儿童性别和父母 WC 对儿童 WC 有调节作用（b=0.13[0.05, 0.22]）。父子 WC（b=0.20[0.15, 0.24]）和母子 WC（b=0.19[0.15, 0.22]）之间的关联更强。
这些发现对于那些希望了解儿童-父母肥胖因素之间复杂关系的人具有重要意义。研究结果表明，家庭环境应该成为肥胖干预努力的一个关键目标，并展示了未来的公共卫生干预措施应如何区分，以考虑母亲和父亲对儿童肥胖的影响。
