Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P,O, Box 4404, Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
BMC Public Health. 2013 Sep 12;13:842. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-842.
International research has demonstrated that rural residency is a risk factor for childhood adiposity. The main aim of this study was to investigate the urban-rural gradient in overweight and obesity and whether the association differed by maternal education.
Height, weight and waist circumference (WC) were measured in a nationally representative sample of 3166 Norwegian eight-year-olds in 2010. Anthropometric measures were stratified by area of residence (urbanity) and maternal education. Risk estimates for overweight (including obesity) and waist-to-height ratio ≥0.5 were calculated by log-binomial regression.
Mean BMI and WC and risk estimates of overweight (including obesity) and waist-to-height ratio ≥0.5 were associated with both urbanity and maternal education. These associations were robust after mutual adjustment for each other. Furthermore, there was an indication of interaction between urbanity and maternal education, as trends of mean BMI and WC increased from urban to rural residence among children of low-educated mothers (p = 0.01 for both BMI and WC), whereas corresponding trends for children from higher educational background were non-significant (p > 0.30). However, formal tests of the interaction term urbanity by maternal education were non-significant (p-value for interaction was 0.29 for BMI and 0.31 for WC).
In this nationally representative study, children living rurally and children of low-educated mothers had higher mean BMI and waist circumference than children living in more urban areas and children of higher educated mothers.
国际研究表明，农村居住是儿童肥胖的一个风险因素。本研究的主要目的是调查超重和肥胖的城乡梯度，以及这种关联是否因母亲的教育程度而异。
2010 年，在一个具有全国代表性的 3166 名挪威 8 岁儿童样本中测量了身高、体重和腰围（WC）。根据居住地区（城市化程度）和母亲的教育程度对人体测量指标进行分层。通过对数二项式回归计算超重（包括肥胖）和腰高比≥0.5 的风险估计值。
平均 BMI 和 WC 以及超重（包括肥胖）和腰高比≥0.5 的风险估计值与城市化程度和母亲教育程度均相关。在相互调整彼此之后，这些关联仍然是稳健的。此外，城市化程度和母亲教育程度之间存在交互作用的迹象，因为在母亲受教育程度较低的儿童中，从城市到农村居住的平均 BMI 和 WC 趋势呈上升趋势（BMI 和 WC 的 p 值均为 0.01），而对于来自较高教育背景的儿童，相应的趋势则不显著（p 值均大于 0.30）。然而，对城市化程度和母亲教育程度的交互项进行正式检验的 p 值为 0.29（BMI）和 0.31（WC），均无统计学意义。
在这项具有全国代表性的研究中，与生活在城市地区和母亲受教育程度较高的儿童相比，农村地区生活的儿童和母亲受教育程度较低的儿童的平均 BMI 和腰围更高。
