Gupta Pankaj, Marodia Yashi, Bansal Akash, Kalra Naveen, Kumar-M Praveen, Sharma Vishal, Dutta Usha, Sandhu Manavjit Singh
Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
World J Gastroenterol. 2020 Oct 28;26(40):6163-6181. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i40.6163.
Gallbladder (GB) wall thickening is a frequent finding caused by a spectrum of conditions. It is observed in many extracholecystic as well as intrinsic GB conditions. GB wall thickening can either be diffuse or focal. Diffuse wall thickening is a secondary occurrence in both extrinsic and intrinsic pathologies of GB, whereas, focal wall thickening is mostly associated with intrinsic GB pathologies. In the absence of specific clinical features, accurate etiological diagnosis can be challenging. The survival rate in GB carcinoma (GBC) can be improved if it is diagnosed at an early stage, especially when the tumor is confined to the wall. The pattern of wall thickening in GBC is often confused with benign diseases, especially chronic cholecystitis, xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, and adenomyomatosis. Early recognition and differentiation of these conditions can improve the prognosis. In this minireview, the authors describe the patterns of abnormalities on various imaging modalities (conventional as well as advanced) for the diagnosis of GB wall thickening. This paper also illustrates an algorithmic approach for the etiological diagnosis of GB wall thickening and suggests a formatted reporting for GB wall abnormalities.
胆囊壁增厚是由一系列病症导致的常见表现。在许多胆囊外以及胆囊自身的病症中都可观察到。胆囊壁增厚可呈弥漫性或局灶性。弥漫性壁增厚是胆囊外在和自身病理改变的继发表现,而局灶性壁增厚大多与胆囊自身病理改变相关。在缺乏特定临床特征的情况下,准确的病因诊断可能具有挑战性。如果胆囊癌(GBC)能在早期被诊断出来,尤其是肿瘤局限于胆囊壁时,其生存率会得到提高。GBC中壁增厚的表现常与良性疾病混淆,特别是慢性胆囊炎、黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎和腺肌增生症。对这些病症的早期识别和鉴别可改善预后。在这篇小型综述中,作者描述了用于诊断胆囊壁增厚的各种成像方式(传统及先进方式)上的异常表现模式。本文还阐述了一种用于胆囊壁增厚病因诊断的算法方法,并建议对胆囊壁异常进行格式化报告。