Lucius Claudia, Braden Barbara, Jenssen Christian, Möller Kathleen, Sienz Michael, Zervides Constantinos, Essig Manfred Walter, Dietrich Christoph Frank
Outpatient Department of Gastroenterology, IBD Centre Helios Klinikum Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
Medical Department B, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Munster, Germany.
Life (Basel). 2025 Jun 11;15(6):941. doi: 10.3390/life15060941.
We aimed to provide an update on ultrasound measurements of the gallbladder with studies focusing on measurement techniques, reference values, and influencing factors. Anatomical anomalies and common pathological findings are discussed together with their clinical impact. : A literature search was performed for ultrasound studies in healthy subjects. Relevant data published between 2010 and March 2025 were extracted and evaluated. Possible clinical implications are discussed. : Many factors influence gallbladder size and wall thickness, as the gallbladder is a highly functional organ. Diabetes and obesity have been proven to increase gallbladder volume and wall thickness. A normal gallbladder wall should be echogenic with one layer and a thickness < 3 mm. Gallbladder size is variable and can achieve values above 10 × 4 × 4 cm, especially with increasing age. Gallbladders with maximal diameters below 3.5 cm are referred to as micro-gallbladders. Calculating gallbladder volume is reserved for special issues, achieving the best inter- and intra-observer variability with the ellipsoid formula. Clinical relevance and work-up of common pathological findings like wall thickening, gallbladder polyps, and stones are discussed.
我们旨在通过聚焦测量技术、参考值和影响因素的研究，提供有关胆囊超声测量的最新情况。同时讨论解剖异常和常见病理发现及其临床影响。：对健康受试者的超声研究进行了文献检索。提取并评估了2010年至2025年3月期间发表的相关数据。并讨论了可能的临床意义。：由于胆囊是一个功能高度活跃的器官，许多因素会影响胆囊大小和壁厚度。已证实糖尿病和肥胖会增加胆囊体积和壁厚度。正常胆囊壁应呈单层高回声，厚度<3mm。胆囊大小可变，尤其是随着年龄增长，其尺寸可超过10×4×4cm。最大直径小于3.5cm的胆囊被称为微胆囊。计算胆囊体积适用于特殊情况，使用椭圆体公式可实现观察者间和观察者内的最佳变异性。讨论了常见病理发现如壁增厚、胆囊息肉和结石的临床相关性及检查方法。
