Rivera Israel, Linz Bodo, Harvill Eric T
Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Oct 15;11:557819. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.557819. eCollection 2020.
The classical bordetellae possess several partially characterized virulence mechanisms that are studied in the context of a complete extracellular life cycle in their mammalian hosts. Yet, classical bordetellae have repeatedly been reported within dendritic cells (DCs) and alveolar macrophages in clinical samples, and experiments convincingly demonstrate that the bacteria can survive intracellularly within mammalian phagocytic cells, an ability that appears to have descended from ancestral progenitor species that lived in the environment and acquired the mechanisms to resist unicellular phagocytic predators. Many pathogens, including , , , and , are known to parasitize and multiply inside eukaryotic host cells. This strategy provides protection, nutrients, and the ability to disseminate systemically. While some work has been dedicated at characterizing intracellular survival of , there is limited understanding of how this strategy has evolved within the genus and the contributions of this ability to bacterial pathogenicity, evasion of host immunity as well as within and between-host dissemination. Here, we explore the mechanisms that control the metabolic changes accompanying intracellular survival and how these have been acquired and conserved throughout the evolutionary history of the genus and discuss the possible implications of this strategy in the persistence and reemergence of in recent years.
经典博德特氏菌具有几种部分特征明确的毒力机制，这些机制是在其哺乳动物宿主完整的细胞外生命周期背景下进行研究的。然而，临床样本中多次报道经典博德特氏菌存在于树突状细胞（DCs）和肺泡巨噬细胞内，并且实验令人信服地证明该细菌能够在哺乳动物吞噬细胞内生存，这种能力似乎源自生活在环境中的祖先物种，并获得了抵抗单细胞吞噬性捕食者的机制。许多病原体，包括[此处原文缺失病原体名称]、[此处原文缺失病原体名称]、[此处原文缺失病原体名称]和[此处原文缺失病原体名称]，已知会寄生于真核宿主细胞内并繁殖。这种策略提供了保护、营养以及全身传播的能力。虽然已经有一些工作致力于研究[此处原文缺失病原体名称]的细胞内存活特性，但对于这种策略在[此处原文缺失病原体名称]属内如何进化以及这种能力对细菌致病性、逃避宿主免疫以及在宿主内和宿主间传播的贡献，人们了解有限。在此，我们探讨控制细胞内存活伴随的代谢变化的机制，以及这些机制在[此处原文缺失病原体名称]属的整个进化历史中是如何获得和保留的，并讨论这种策略对近年来[此处原文缺失病原体名称]的持续存在和再度出现可能产生的影响。
