Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China.
Mol Med Rep. 2021 Jan;23(1). doi: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11670. Epub 2020 Nov 12.
Our understanding of the skeletal system has been expanded upon the recognition of several neural pathways that serve important roles in bone metabolism and skeletal homeostasis, as bone tissue is richly innervated. Considerable evidence provided by in vitro, animal and human studies have further elucidated the importance of a host of hormones and local factors, including neurotransmitters, in modulating bone metabolism and osteo‑chondrogenic differentiation, both peripherally and centrally. Various cells of the musculoskeletal system not only express receptors for these neurotransmitters, but also influence their endogenous levels in the skeleton. As with a number of physiological systems in nature, a neuronal pathway regulating bone turnover will be neutralized by another pathway exerting an opposite effect. These neuropeptides are also critically involved in articular cartilage homeostasis and pathogenesis of degenerative joint disorders, such as osteoarthritis. In the present Review, data on the role of several neuronal populations in nerve‑dependent skeletal metabolism is examined, and the molecular events involved are explored, which may reveal broader relationships between two apparently unrelated organs.
我们对骨骼系统的认识已经扩展到了几个神经通路的认识，这些通路在骨代谢和骨骼稳态中起着重要作用，因为骨骼组织富含神经。大量的体外、动物和人体研究提供了证据，进一步阐明了许多激素和局部因素的重要性，包括神经递质，它们在调节骨代谢和骨软骨发生分化方面具有外周和中枢双重作用。骨骼系统的各种细胞不仅表达这些神经递质的受体，而且还影响其在骨骼中的内源性水平。与自然界中的许多生理系统一样，调节骨转换的神经元途径将被另一种发挥相反作用的途径中和。这些神经肽还与关节软骨稳态和退行性关节疾病（如骨关节炎）的发病机制密切相关。在本综述中，研究了几种神经元群在神经依赖性骨骼代谢中的作用，并探讨了所涉及的分子事件，这可能揭示了两个明显无关的器官之间更广泛的关系。
