Wilhelmus K R, Gilbert M L, Osato M S
Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.
Surv Ophthalmol. 1987 Sep-Oct;32(2):111-22. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(87)90103-2.
Selman Waksman's laboratory at Rutgers University discovered the first aminoglycoside antibiotic, streptomycin, in 1943. Other aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as gentamicin and tobramycin, soon followed. Tobramycin is compatible with most intravenous fluids and tear substitutes, but it is incompatible with heparin and some beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin and cephalosporins. Due to tobramycin's broad spectrum of activity, it has proven useful in controlling both superficial and deep infections of the eye and ocular adnexa (i.e., blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and endophthalmitis). However, since tobramycin has been associated with neuromuscular blockade, as well as possessing ototoxic and nephrotoxic effects, care must be taken to minimize toxicity by monitoring patients undergoing systemic tobramycin therapy.
1943年，罗格斯大学的塞尔曼·瓦克斯曼实验室发现了第一种氨基糖苷类抗生素链霉素。其他氨基糖苷类抗生素，如庆大霉素和妥布霉素，也很快相继问世。妥布霉素与大多数静脉输液和泪液替代品相容，但与肝素以及一些β-内酰胺类抗生素（如青霉素和头孢菌素）不相容。由于妥布霉素具有广泛的活性谱，已被证明在控制眼部和眼附属器的浅表和深部感染（即睑缘炎、结膜炎、角膜炎和眼内炎）方面很有用。然而，由于妥布霉素与神经肌肉阻滞有关，并且具有耳毒性和肾毒性作用，因此在对接受全身妥布霉素治疗的患者进行监测时，必须小心谨慎以尽量减少毒性。
