Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jan 10;751:142273. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142273. Epub 2020 Sep 10.
A change in precipitation caused by climate change is an important factor that affects the biodiversity and ecological function of arid and semi-arid regions, but its influence on the composition and function of the soil fungi community in the grasslands of the Loess Plateau remains unclear. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted an in-situ simulation experiment using five precipitation gradients (natural precipitation, increased and decreased by 40%, and 80%) in a natural restoration grassland for three years. The composition of soil fungal communities and their functions were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing techniques. Although the change of precipitation did not change the diversity index of soil fungi, it changed the composition and function of dominant fungal community groups. Specifically, decreased precipitation resulted in an increase in the relative abundance of Dothideomycetes and Boeremia by up to 12.17% and 9.93%, respectively, while these decreased with increased precipitation. The abundance of Basidiomycota, Glomeromycota, and Agaricomycetes abundance decreased by up to 11.27%, 6.96%, and 11.46% with decreased precipitation, but also decreased by up to 10.9%, 1.73%, and 10.51% with increased precipitation, respectively. However, the abundance of Ascomycota, Pezizomycetes, and norank_Pezizales increased by up to 22.58%, 7.45%, and 6.95% with decreased precipitation, and increased by up to 12.05%, 8.43%, and 5.81% with increased precipitation, respectively. The number of dominant fungal groups with interactive relationships weakened by 34.93% and 8.7% under decreased precipitation by 80% and increased 80%, respectively. Precipitation change had no significant effect on the proportion of saprotrophs, while a decrease of precipitation increased the endophyte-plant pathogens by up to 58.0% and decreased arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by up to 92.6%. In brief, the dominant soil fungal communities could adapt and respond to climate change by altering the proportion of different dominant fungal groups by responding to moisture patterns with changes in the interrelationships between microbial communities and the proportional distribution of functional groups.
气候变化引起的降水变化是影响干旱半干旱地区生物多样性和生态功能的一个重要因素，但它对黄土高原草地土壤真菌群落的组成和功能的影响尚不清楚。为了填补这一知识空白，我们在自然恢复草地中进行了为期三年的原位模拟实验，使用了五个降水梯度（自然降水、增加和减少 40%和 80%）。使用高通量测序技术分析了土壤真菌群落的组成及其功能。尽管降水的变化并没有改变土壤真菌的多样性指数，但它改变了主要真菌群落群体的组成和功能。具体来说，减少降水导致 Dothideomycetes 和 Boeremia 的相对丰度分别增加了 12.17%和 9.93%，而增加降水则减少了这两种真菌的相对丰度。Basidiomycota、Glomeromycota 和 Agaricomycetes 的丰度分别减少了 11.27%、6.96%和 11.46%，而减少降水也减少了 10.9%、1.73%和 10.51%，而增加降水分别减少了 10.9%、1.73%和 10.51%。然而，Ascomycota、Pezizomycetes 和 norank_Pezizales 的丰度分别增加了 22.58%、7.45%和 6.95%，而减少降水则增加了 12.05%、8.43%和 5.81%，增加降水则增加了 12.05%、8.43%和 5.81%。在减少 80%和增加 80%的降水条件下，具有交互关系的主要真菌类群的数量分别减弱了 34.93%和 8.7%。降水变化对腐生菌的比例没有显著影响，而降水减少增加了内生生植物病原菌，高达 58.0%，减少了丛枝菌根真菌，高达 92.6%。总之，主要土壤真菌群落可以通过改变不同主要真菌群的比例来适应和响应气候变化，从而对微生物群落之间的相互关系和功能组的比例分布的变化做出反应。
