School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, Ministry of Education of China, Hohhot, China.
Microbiol Spectr. 2022 Feb 23;10(1):e0223021. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.02230-21. Epub 2022 Jan 12.
The Loess Plateau is located in the arid and semi-arid regions in northern China. The ecosystem is particularly sensitive to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Fungi can produce extracellular enzymes, decompose a variety of organic matter, and regulate carbon and nutrient balance. We studied the changes of soil fungal community compositions in response to straw, inorganic fertilizer, and compost in a typical farmland in the Loess Plateau. Our results demonstrated that the addition of straw significantly reduces the Shannon index of the fungal community, in addition, the participation of straw significantly affects the composition of the fungal community. Functional prediction based on FUNGuild showed that straw significantly reduced the relative abundance of saprotrophs, pathotrophs, symbiotrophs, lichenized, ectomycorrhizal, and plant pathogens. Although fertilization practices destroyed the co-occurrence pattern among the fungal species, the addition of straw alleviated this affect. No significant effect of straw, compost, and inorganic fertilizers on the co-occurrence pattern among species in the soil fungal community was observed. Compared with compost and inorganic fertilizer, the addition of straw shaped the community composition by changing the relative abundance of fungal functional taxa. Thus, in the fragile Loess Plateau environment, over-fertilizing or non-order-fertilizing may destroy the co-occurrence pattern of the fungal communities and Loess Plateau ecosystem. Determining the response of soil fungi in sensitive ecosystems to external environmental disturbances is an important, yet little-known, topic in microbial ecology. In this study, we evaluated the impact of traditional fertilization management practices on the composition, co-occurrence pattern, and functional groups of fungal communities in loessial soil. Our results show that in the fragile Loess Plateau environment, fertilizer management changed the composition of the fungal community and disrupted the co-occurrence pattern between fungi. The application of straw alleviates the destroying of the co-occurrence pattern. The current research emphasizes the necessity of rational fertilization of farmland in loessial soil.
黄土高原位于中国北方干旱半干旱地区。该生态系统对自然和人为干扰特别敏感。真菌可以产生胞外酶，分解各种有机物，并调节碳和养分平衡。我们研究了在黄土高原典型农田中，秸秆、无机肥和堆肥对土壤真菌群落组成的变化。我们的结果表明，秸秆的添加显著降低了真菌群落的 Shannon 指数，此外，秸秆的参与显著影响了真菌群落的组成。基于 FUNGuild 的功能预测表明，秸秆显著降低了腐生菌、病原菌、共生菌、地衣菌、外生菌根菌和植物病原菌的相对丰度。虽然施肥实践破坏了真菌种间的共现模式，但秸秆的添加缓解了这种影响。秸秆、堆肥和无机肥对土壤真菌群落中物种间共现模式没有显著影响。与堆肥和无机肥相比，秸秆的添加通过改变真菌功能类群的相对丰度来塑造群落组成。因此，在脆弱的黄土高原环境中，过度施肥或无序施肥可能会破坏真菌群落和黄土高原生态系统的共现模式。确定敏感生态系统中土壤真菌对外部环境干扰的响应是微生物生态学中一个重要但知之甚少的课题。在这项研究中，我们评估了传统施肥管理实践对黄土土壤中真菌群落组成、共现模式和功能群的影响。我们的结果表明，在脆弱的黄土高原环境中，肥料管理改变了真菌群落的组成，破坏了真菌之间的共现模式。秸秆的应用缓解了共现模式的破坏。目前的研究强调了黄土土壤农田合理施肥的必要性。
