Centro Universitario de Rivera, Universidad de La República, Rivera, Uruguay.
Centro Universitario Regional Del Este, Universidad de La República, Treinta y Tres, Uruguay.
Chemosphere. 2021 Jan;262:127785. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127785. Epub 2020 Aug 7.
Although glyphosate is widely used for weed pest control, it might have negative side effects on natural enemies. Wolf spiders are one of the most representative predators found on soybean crops in Uruguay, preying on a wide variety of potential pests. However, the sublethal effects that pesticides might have on this group have been poorly explored for South American species. Herein, we explored the sublethal effects of glyphosate on the functional response of the wolf spider Hogna cf. bivittata against three potential pest insects, namely ant (Acromyrmex sp.), caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis), and cricket (Miogryllus sp.). We contaminated residually adult females of the species Hogna cf. bivittata with glyphosate (Roundup®) and compared their functional response against non-contaminated spiders. We did not observe any mortality during the study. We found that overall Hogna cf. bivittata showed a functional response type II against crickets and caterpillars but no functional response to ants. Contaminated spiders killed less ants and caterpillars in comparison to the control group, probably as a consequence of the irritating effects of glyphosate. We did not observe differences in functional response to crickets at the evaluated densities, probably as a consequence of the low capture rate against this prey. Although glyphosate does not specifically target spiders, it might have negative sublethal effects on native predators such as Hogna cf. bivittata. Further studies should explore effect of glyphosate on other native predators from South American crops.
尽管草甘膦被广泛用于防治杂草和害虫，但它可能对天敌产生负面影响。狼蛛是乌拉圭大豆作物中最具代表性的捕食者之一，捕食多种潜在的害虫。然而，对于南美的物种，农药对该类群的亚致死效应还没有得到很好的研究。在此，我们探讨了草甘膦对狼蛛 Hogna cf. bivittata 对三种潜在害虫（蚂蚁、毛毛虫和蟋蟀）的功能反应的亚致死效应。我们用草甘膦（农达）污染残留的成年雌性 Hogna cf. bivittata，并将其与未受污染的蜘蛛进行功能反应比较。在研究过程中，我们没有观察到任何死亡。我们发现，Hogna cf. bivittata 对蟋蟀和毛毛虫表现出 II 型功能反应，但对蚂蚁没有功能反应。与对照组相比，受污染的蜘蛛杀死的蚂蚁和毛毛虫较少，这可能是草甘膦的刺激性作用所致。我们没有观察到在评估密度时对蟋蟀的功能反应有差异，这可能是由于对这种猎物的捕获率较低所致。尽管草甘膦并不专门针对蜘蛛，但它可能对 Hogna cf. bivittata 等本地捕食者产生负面影响。进一步的研究应探讨草甘膦对南美的其他作物的本地捕食者的影响。
