Bernacki Maciej Jerzy, Czarnocka Weronika, Zaborowska Magdalena, Różańska Elżbieta, Labudda Mateusz, Rusaczonek Anna, Witoń Damian, Karpiński Stanisław
Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland.
Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Cells. 2020 Nov 10;9(11):2454. doi: 10.3390/cells9112454.
Cell death is the ultimate end of a cell cycle that occurs in all living organisms during development or responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the course of evolution, plants and animals evolve various molecular mechanisms to regulate cell death; however, some of them are conserved among both these kingdoms. It was found that mammalian proapoptotic BCL-2 associated X (Bax) protein, when expressed in plants, induces cell death, similar to hypersensitive response (HR). It was also shown that changes in the expression level of genes encoding proteins involved in stress response or oxidative status regulation mitigate Bax-induced plant cell death. In our study, we focused on the evolutional compatibility of animal and plant cell death molecular mechanisms. Therefore, we studied the deregulation of reactive oxygen species burst and HR-like propagation in expressing mammalian Bax. We were able to diminish Bax-induced oxidative stress and HR progression through the genetic cross with plants mutated in (), which is a plant-positive HR regulator. Plants expressing the mouse Bax gene in null mutant background demonstrated less pronounced cell death and exhibited higher antioxidant system efficiency compared to Bax-expressing plants. Moreover, /Bax plants did not show HR marker genes induction, as in the case of the Bax-expressing line. The present study indicates some common molecular features between animal and plant cell death regulation and can be useful to better understand the evolution of cell death mechanisms in plants and animals.
细胞死亡是细胞周期的最终结局，发生于所有生物的发育过程或对生物和非生物胁迫的响应中。在进化过程中，植物和动物进化出了各种调节细胞死亡的分子机制；然而，其中一些机制在这两个界中是保守的。研究发现，哺乳动物促凋亡的BCL-2相关X蛋白（Bax）在植物中表达时会诱导细胞死亡，类似于超敏反应（HR）。研究还表明，参与应激反应或氧化状态调节的蛋白质编码基因表达水平的变化会减轻Bax诱导的植物细胞死亡。在我们的研究中，我们聚焦于动植物细胞死亡分子机制的进化兼容性。因此，我们研究了在表达哺乳动物Bax时活性氧爆发和类HR传播的失调情况。通过与在（）中发生突变的植物进行遗传杂交，我们能够减轻Bax诱导的氧化应激和HR进程，（）是一种植物正向HR调节因子。与表达Bax的植物相比，在突变体背景中表达小鼠Bax基因的植物表现出不太明显的细胞死亡，并且具有更高的抗氧化系统效率。此外，/Bax植物没有像表达Bax的品系那样表现出HR标记基因的诱导。本研究揭示了动植物细胞死亡调节之间的一些共同分子特征，有助于更好地理解动植物细胞死亡机制的进化。
