Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; The Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR) - National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2018 Jul;122:4-20. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.011. Epub 2018 Jan 10.
In the natural environment, plants are exposed to a variety of biotic and abiotic stress conditions that trigger rapid changes in the production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The production and scavenging of ROS is compartmentalized, which means that, depending on stimuli type, they can be generated and eliminated in different cellular compartments such as the apoplast, plasma membrane, chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and endoplasmic reticulum. Although the accumulation of ROS is generally harmful to cells, ROS play an important role in signaling pathways that regulate acclimatory and defense responses in plants, such as systemic acquired acclimation (SAA) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). However, high accumulations of ROS can also trigger redox homeostasis disturbance which can lead to cell death, and in consequence, to a limitation in biomass and yield production. Different ROS have various half-lifetimes and degrees of reactivity toward molecular components such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Thus, they play different roles in intra- and extra-cellular signaling. Despite their possible damaging effect, ROS should mainly be considered as signaling molecules that regulate local and systemic acclimatory and defense responses. Over the past two decades it has been proven that ROS together with non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), hormones, Ca waves, and electrical signals are the main players in SAA and SAR, two physiological processes essential for plant survival and productivity in unfavorable conditions.
在自然环境中，植物会暴露于各种生物和非生物胁迫条件下，这些条件会引发活性氧（ROS）产生和清除的快速变化。ROS 的产生和清除是区室化的，这意味着，根据刺激类型，它们可以在不同的细胞区室中产生和消除，如质外体、质膜、叶绿体、线粒体、过氧化物酶体和内质网。尽管 ROS 的积累通常对细胞有害，但 ROS 在调节植物适应和防御反应的信号通路中发挥着重要作用，例如全身获得性适应（SAA）和全身获得性抗性（SAR）。然而，ROS 的大量积累也会引发氧化还原平衡失调，从而导致细胞死亡，进而限制生物量和产量的产生。不同的 ROS 具有不同的半衰期和对脂质、蛋白质和核酸等分子成分的反应程度。因此，它们在细胞内和细胞间信号传递中发挥着不同的作用。尽管 ROS 可能具有破坏性影响，但它们主要应被视为调节局部和全身适应和防御反应的信号分子。在过去的二十年中，已经证明 ROS 与非光化学猝灭（NPQ）、激素、Ca 波和电信号一起，是 SAA 和 SAR 的主要参与者，这是植物在不利条件下生存和生产力所必需的两个生理过程。
