Graphene-based low-threshold and tunable optical bistability in one-dimensional photonic crystal Fano resonance heterostructure at optical communication band.

In this paper, the one-dimensional photonic crystal Fano resonance heterostructure is used to achieve low-threshold and tunable graphene-based optical bistability of the transmitted and reflected light beam at optical communication band. The low-threshold of optical bistability (OB) originates from the local field enhancement owing to the Fano resonance excited by topological edge states mode and Fabry-Perot cavity mode. The study found that it is feasible to continuously adjust the hysteresis behavior and optical bistable thresholds by altering the Fermi energy of the left and right graphene respectively. Furthermore, the OB can also be controlled by changing the number of graphene layers or the angle of incident beam, which makes this structure a feasible object of experimental research at optical communication band in the future.