Chen John, Martin Andrew R, Finlay Warren H
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Curr Pharm Des. 2021;27(12):1482-1497. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666201112143230.
Many drugs are delivered intranasally for local or systemic effect, typically in the form of droplets or aerosols. Due to the high cost of in vivo studies, drug developers and researchers often turn to in vitro or in silico testing when first evaluating the behavior and properties of intranasal drug delivery devices and formulations. Recent advances in manufacturing and computer technologies have allowed for increasingly realistic and sophisticated in vitro and in silico reconstructions of the human nasal airways.
The study aims to perform a summary of advances in the understanding of intranasal drug delivery based on recent in vitro and in silico studies.
The turbinates are a common target for local drug delivery applications, and while nasal sprays are able to reach this region, there is currently no broad consensus across the in vitro and in silico literature concerning optimal parameters for device design, formulation properties and patient technique which would maximize turbinate deposition. Nebulizers can more easily target the turbinates, but come with the disadvantage of significant lung deposition. Targeting of the olfactory region of the nasal cavity has been explored for the potential treatment of central nervous system conditions. Conventional intranasal devices, such as nasal sprays and nebulizers, deliver very little dose to the olfactory region. Recent progress in our understanding of intranasal delivery will be useful in the development of the next generation of intranasal drug delivery devices.
许多药物通过鼻腔给药以产生局部或全身作用，通常以滴剂或气雾剂的形式。由于体内研究成本高昂，药物开发者和研究人员在首次评估鼻腔给药装置和制剂的行为及特性时，常常转向体外或计算机模拟测试。制造技术和计算机技术的最新进展使得对人类鼻气道进行越来越逼真和复杂的体外及计算机模拟重建成为可能。
本研究旨在基于近期的体外和计算机模拟研究，对鼻腔给药的相关进展进行总结。
鼻甲是局部药物递送应用的常见靶点，虽然鼻喷雾剂能够到达该区域，但目前体外和计算机模拟文献中对于能使鼻甲沉积最大化的装置设计、制剂特性及患者操作的最佳参数尚无广泛共识。雾化器能更轻松地靶向鼻甲，但存在肺部大量沉积的缺点。鼻腔嗅觉区域的靶向给药已被探索用于中枢神经系统疾病的潜在治疗。传统的鼻腔给药装置，如鼻喷雾剂和雾化器，向嗅觉区域递送的剂量非常少。我们对鼻腔给药理解的最新进展将有助于下一代鼻腔给药装置的开发。
