Wu Xunxun, Zang Ranqing, Qiu Yiting, Zhang Yufang, Peng Junbin, Cheng Zhiyun, Wei Site, Liu Meiyan, Diao Yong
School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China.
Pharmaceutics. 2025 Jun 13;17(6):775. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17060775.
As population aging becomes an increasingly critical global issue, the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and stroke, has risen sharply. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a significant obstacle to the effective treatment of these CNS disorders, limiting the ability of therapeutic agents to reach the brain. In this context, intranasal drug delivery, which bypasses the BBB, has attracted considerable attention in recent years. By utilizing pathways such as the olfactory and trigeminal nerves, intranasal drug delivery facilitates the rapid transport of drugs to the brain, thereby enhancing both the bioavailability and targeting efficiency of the drugs. This review provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying intranasal drug delivery, its advancements in the treatment of CNS diseases, strategies to improve delivery efficiency, and a discussion of the challenges and potential future directions in this field. The aim of this paper is to offer valuable insights and guidance for researchers and clinicians working in the area of CNS disease treatment.
随着人口老龄化日益成为一个关键的全球性问题，包括阿尔茨海默病（AD）、帕金森病（PD）和中风在内的中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病的发病率急剧上升。然而，血脑屏障（BBB）对这些中枢神经系统疾病的有效治疗构成了重大障碍，限制了治疗药物到达大脑的能力。在这种背景下，绕过血脑屏障的鼻内给药近年来引起了相当大的关注。通过利用嗅觉和三叉神经等途径，鼻内给药促进了药物向大脑的快速运输，从而提高了药物的生物利用度和靶向效率。本综述概述了鼻内给药的分子机制、其在中枢神经系统疾病治疗中的进展、提高给药效率的策略，并讨论了该领域的挑战和潜在的未来方向。本文的目的是为从事中枢神经系统疾病治疗领域的研究人员和临床医生提供有价值的见解和指导。
