Nguyen Anh N, van Langeveld Astrid W B, de Vries Jeanne H M, Ikram M Arfan, de Graaf Cees, Mars Monica, Voortman Trudy
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2021 Jan 4;113(1):63-69. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa296.
Taste preference is an important determinant of dietary intake and is influenced by taste exposure in early life. However, data on dietary taste patterns in early childhood are scarce.
We aimed to evaluate dietary taste patterns in early childhood, to examine their tracking between the ages of 1 and 2 y, and to examine their associations with socioeconomic and lifestyle factors.
Dietary intake of children participating in a population-based cohort was assessed with a 211-item age-specific FFQ at the ages of 1 y ( n = 3629) and 2 y (n = 844) (2003-2007). Taste intensity values of FFQ food items were calculated based on a food taste database that had been previously constructed and evaluated using a trained adult sensory panel. Cluster analysis based on taste values identified 5 taste clusters that we named: "neutral," "sweet and sour," "sweet and fat," "fat," and "salt, umami and fat." Linear regression models were used to examine associations of percentage energy (E%) intake from these taste clusters with socioeconomic and lifestyle factors.
At the age of 1 y, 64% ± 13% (mean ± SD) of energy intake was obtained from the "neutral" cluster, whereas at age 2 y, this was 42% ± 8%. At age 2 y, children had higher energy intakes from the "sweet and fat" (18% ± 7%), "fat" (11% ± 4%), and "salt, umami, and fat" (18% ± 6%) clusters than at age 1 y (7% ± 6%, 6% ± 4%, and 11% ± 6%, respectively). In multivariable models, older maternal age, longer breastfeeding duration, and later introduction of complementary feeding were associated with more energy from the "neutral" cluster (e.g., β: 0.31 E%; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.43 E% per 1 mo longer breastfeeding). Higher child BMI was associated with more energy from the "salt, umami, and fat" cluster (β: 0.22 E%; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.38 E% per BMI standard deviation score).
Dietary taste patterns in this Dutch cohort were more varied and intense in taste at age 2 y than at 1 y, reaching a level similar to that previously observed in Dutch adults. Important factors related to dietary taste patterns of young children are maternal sociodemographic factors and feeding practices.This trial was registered at trialregister.nl as NL6484.
味觉偏好是饮食摄入的一个重要决定因素，并受到生命早期味觉接触的影响。然而，关于幼儿饮食口味模式的数据很少。
我们旨在评估幼儿的饮食口味模式，研究其在1至2岁之间的追踪情况，并研究其与社会经济和生活方式因素的关联。
对参与一项基于人群队列研究的儿童的饮食摄入情况，在其1岁（n = 3629）和2岁（n = 844）时（2003 - 2007年），使用一份包含211项特定年龄的食物频率问卷（FFQ）进行评估。基于一个先前构建并由经过训练的成人感官小组评估的食物口味数据库，计算FFQ食物项目的味觉强度值。基于味觉值的聚类分析确定了5个味觉类别，我们将其命名为：“中性”、“酸甜”、“甜与脂肪”、“脂肪”以及“盐、鲜味与脂肪”。使用线性回归模型来研究这些味觉类别中能量摄入百分比（E%）与社会经济和生活方式因素之间的关联。
在1岁时，能量摄入的64% ± 13%（均值 ± 标准差）来自“中性”类别，而在2岁时，这一比例为42% ± 8%。在2岁时，儿童从“甜与脂肪”（18% ± 7%）、“脂肪”（11% ± 4%）以及“盐、鲜味与脂肪”（18% ± 6%）类别中摄入的能量高于1岁时（分别为7% ± 6%、6% ± 4%和11% ± 6%）。在多变量模型中，母亲年龄较大、母乳喂养时间较长以及辅食添加较晚与来自“中性”类别的能量更多相关（例如，β：0.31 E%；95%置信区间：每延长母乳喂养1个月为0.19，0.43 E%）。儿童较高的BMI与来自“盐、鲜味与脂肪”类别的能量更多相关（β：0.22 E%；95%置信区间：每BMI标准差得分增加为0.06，0.38 E%）。
在这个荷兰队列中，幼儿的饮食口味模式在2岁时比1岁时更加多样且口味更浓烈，达到了此前在荷兰成年人中观察到的水平。与幼儿饮食口味模式相关的重要因素是母亲的社会人口学因素和喂养方式。
该试验在trialregister.nl上注册为NL6484。
