Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167, China.
Ecotoxicology. 2021 Oct;30(8):1550-1558. doi: 10.1007/s10646-020-02303-3. Epub 2020 Nov 13.
Antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria (ARGs and ARB) in vegetable or fruit pose risks to ecological environment health. However, the assessment of ARGs and ARB from one popular vegetable, fresh tomato, has not been carried out before. In this study, high-throughput quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing technology were used to explore the antibiotic resistance characteristics of bacteria on five common cultivars of fresh tomatoes from supermarket. A total of 191 ARGs and 10 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected on the tomato surfaces. The distribution profile of ARGs and MGEs was different among samples, with the organic tomatoes showing more ARGs and MGEs number and relative abundance. Aminoglycoside resistance genes strA and strB, sulfonamide resistance gene sul1, and multidrug resistance gene qacΔ1-01 were the predominant ARGs. Dominant MGEs were transposase genes, which might promote horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARGs. Network analysis indicated that fifteen bacterial families might be the potential hosts of ARGs, and the detected MGEs might have positive correlation with ARGs. These results revealed the bacterial ARGs and MGEs from fresh tomato, which might help guide human to pay more attention to ecological environment impacts of ARGs and ARB on the surfaces of vegetable or fruit.
蔬菜或水果中的抗生素耐药基因和细菌（ARGs 和 ARB）对生态环境健康构成威胁。然而，之前尚未对一种流行的蔬菜，新鲜番茄中的 ARGs 和 ARB 进行评估。在这项研究中，使用高通量定量 PCR 和 16S rRNA 基因 Illumina 测序技术，探究了超市中五个常见品种新鲜番茄表面细菌的抗生素耐药特性。在番茄表面共检测到 191 个 ARGs 和 10 个移动遗传元件（MGEs）。ARGs 和 MGEs 的分布特征在样品之间存在差异，有机番茄显示出更多的 ARGs 和 MGEs 数量和相对丰度。氨基糖苷类耐药基因 strA 和 strB、磺胺类耐药基因 sul1 和多药耐药基因 qacΔ1-01 是主要的 ARGs。优势 MGEs 是转座酶基因，可能促进 ARGs 的水平基因转移（HGT）。网络分析表明，十五个细菌科可能是 ARGs 的潜在宿主，检测到的 MGEs 可能与 ARGs 呈正相关。这些结果揭示了新鲜番茄中的细菌 ARGs 和 MGEs，这可能有助于指导人们更加关注 ARGs 和 ARB 对蔬菜或水果表面的生态环境影响。
