Sokal R R, Uytterschaut H
Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1987 Sep;74(1):21-38. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330740103.
This study reports on spatial variation of 10 cranial variables in European populations at 3 time periods. Means for these variables, based on 137, 108, and 183 samples from the Early Medieval, Late Medieval, and Recent periods, were subjected to one-dimensional and directional spatial autocorrelation analyses. Significant spatial structure was found for most variables. It becomes more pronounced as time progresses. The spatial patterns are not strongly clinal. Correlograms based on distances computed from all variables are monotonic only to 900, 1,650, and 1,350 km for the three periods. Regional patterns are seen for most variables and become more structured and significant with time. There is little similarity among the correlograms of the variables at any one period and virtually none among periods. Inferences about spatial structure of these populations, based on spatial autocorrelation analysis, suggest a pattern dominated by migration, followed by expansion and admixture rather than selection or chance fluctuations. The patterns of morphometric change seem to reflect the patterns of linguistic change in these areas.
本研究报告了欧洲人群在三个时间段内10个颅骨变量的空间变异情况。基于中世纪早期、中世纪晚期和近代的137个、108个和183个样本，对这些变量的均值进行了一维和方向空间自相关分析。大多数变量都发现了显著的空间结构。随着时间的推移，这种结构变得更加明显。空间模式并非强烈的渐变。基于所有变量计算出的距离的相关图，在三个时间段内分别仅在900公里、1650公里和1350公里处呈单调变化。大多数变量都呈现出区域模式，并且随着时间的推移变得更加结构化和显著。在任何一个时间段内，变量的相关图之间几乎没有相似性，不同时间段之间实际上也没有相似性。基于空间自相关分析对这些人群空间结构的推断表明，一种以迁移为主导的模式，随后是扩张和混合，而不是选择或随机波动。形态测量变化的模式似乎反映了这些地区语言变化的模式。
