Zhu H H, Zhou C H, Zhu T J, Huang J L, Qian M B, Chen Y D, Li S Z, Zhou X N
National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China.
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi. 2020 Oct 19;32(5):476-482. doi: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2020202.
To understand the prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections among residents living in urban/town areas of China, so as to provide insights into the control and elimination of soil-borne nematodiasis.
A total of 5 epidemic areas were classified in China according to the prevalence of human infections captured from the 2014-2015 national survey on major human parasitic diseases in China, and the total sample size was estimated according to the binomial distribution and Poisson's distribution. Then, the total sample size was allocated proportionally to each province (autonomous region, municipality) of China based on the percentage of residents living in urban and town areas, and the number of survey sites in each province (autonomous region, municipality) was proportionally assigned according to the percentages of residents living in urban and town areas. Then, stratified sampling was performed at county, township and community levels according to the number of sampling sites in each province (autonomous region, municipality), and the survey site (community) was defined as the smallest sampling unit. All permanent residents in the survey sites were selected as the study subjects, and their stool samples were collected for identification and counting of parasite egg using a Kato-Katz technique. The prevalence and intensity of each parasite species were calculated.
From 2014 to 2015, among the 133 231 residents detected in 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) of China, the overall prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections was 1.23% (1 636/133 231), and the prevalence rates of hookworm, and infections were 0.77% (1 032/133 231), 0.32% (426/133 231) and 0.17% (224/133 231), respectively. The highest prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections was seen in Jiangxi (4.03%, 82/2 034) and Chongqing (4.03%, 524/13 012), followed by in Hainan (3.47%, 72/2 075). The prevalence of soilborne nematode infections was 1.07% (662/62 139) in men and 1.37% (974/71 092) in women, and the greatest prevalence was found in residents at ages of 65 to 70 years (2.56%, 219/8 569). With regard to occupations and education levels, herdsmen (2.47%, 2/81) and illiterate residents (3.33%, 226/6 795) were found to have the highest prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections, respectively. In addition, mild infections were predominantly identified in hookworm-, - and -infected individuals (all > 90%).
The overall prevalence of soil-borne nematodiasis remains low in urban and town areas of China; however, human infections are widespread. According to the epidemiological features, health education combined with deworming are recommended to reduce the prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections among residents living in urban and town areas of China.
了解中国城乡居民土源性线虫感染情况，为土源性线虫病的防治和消除提供依据。
根据2014-2015年全国人体重要寄生虫病现状调查中人群感染率，将我国共划分为5个流行区，并根据二项分布和泊松分布估算总样本量。然后，根据城乡居民人口比例将总样本量按比例分配到我国各省（自治区、直辖市），并根据城乡居民人口比例按比例确定各省（自治区、直辖市）的调查点数。随后，按照各省（自治区、直辖市）抽样点数在县、乡、社区三级进行分层抽样，将调查点（社区）定义为最小抽样单元。选取调查点内所有常住人口作为研究对象，采集其粪便样本，采用改良加藤厚涂片法进行寄生虫虫卵的鉴定和计数。计算各寄生虫种类的感染率和感染度。
2014-2015年，在我国31个省（自治区、直辖市）检测的133 231名居民中，土源性线虫总感染率为1.23%（1 636/133 231），钩虫、蛔虫和鞭虫感染率分别为0.77%（1 032/133 231）、0.32%（426/133 231）和0.17%（224/133 231）。土源性线虫感染率最高的是江西（4.03%，82/2 034）和重庆（4.03%，524/13 012），其次是海南（3.47%，72/2 075）。男性土源性线虫感染率为1.07%（662/62 139），女性为1.37%（974/71 092），65至70岁居民感染率最高（2.56%，219/8 569）。在职业和文化程度方面，牧民（2.47%，2/81）和文盲居民（3.33%，226/6 795）的土源性线虫感染率分别最高。此外，钩虫、蛔虫和鞭虫感染者以轻度感染为主（均>90%）。
中国城乡地区土源性线虫病总体感染率仍较低，但人群感染广泛存在。根据流行特征，建议采取健康教育与驱虫相结合的措施，以降低中国城乡居民土源性线虫感染率。
