Steinhauer D A, Holland J J
Department of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 1987;41:409-33. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.41.100187.002205.
The high error rate inherent in all RNA synthesis provides RNA virus genomes with extremely high mutation rates. Thus nearly all large RNA virus clonal populations are quasispecies collections of differing, related genomes (14, 49). These rapidly mutating populations can remain remarkably stable under certain conditions of replication. Under other conditions, virus-population equilibria become disturbed, and extremely rapid evolution can result. This extreme variability and rapid evolution can cause severe problems with previously unknown virus diseases (such as AIDS). It also presents daunting challenges for the design of effective vaccines for the control of diseases caused by rapidly evolving RNA virus populations.
所有RNA合成中固有的高错误率赋予RNA病毒基因组极高的突变率。因此，几乎所有大型RNA病毒克隆群体都是不同的、相关基因组的准种集合（14, 49）。这些快速突变的群体在某些复制条件下可以保持显著稳定。在其他条件下，病毒群体平衡会受到干扰，从而导致极其快速的进化。这种极端的变异性和快速进化可能会给以前未知的病毒疾病（如艾滋病）带来严重问题。它也给设计控制由快速进化的RNA病毒群体引起的疾病的有效疫苗带来了巨大挑战。
