Embracing diversity: how can broadly neutralizing antibodies effectively target a diverse HIV-1 reservoir?

Genetic diversity in the latent proviral reservoir of HIV-1 infected individuals poses a challenge to cure strategies. It has become increasingly evident that diversity increases proportionally with length of active infection, and that functional and/or sterilizing cure strategies will need to overcome this obstacle in individuals who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) during chronic infection. Analyzing the results of analytic treatment interruption (ATI) has allowed for the evaluation of such therapeutic strategies in HIV+ individuals. Strategies to overcome the genetic diversity of the HIV-1 reservoir include antibody combinations, pre-screening individuals for bNAb sensitivity, focusing on low-diversity individuals as well as targeting host proteins.