Helgason C M
Department of Neurology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago 60612.
Can J Neurol Sci. 1987 Nov;14(4):560-3.
A 17th century B.C. Surgical Papyrus known as "The Edwin Smith Papyrus" was published in facsimile and hieroglyphic transliteration with translation and commentary by James Henry Breasted in 1930. The Papyrus was acquired by Edwin Smith in Luxor, 1862. This document was conceived in the Pyramid Age (3000-2500 B.C.) and remains in material form from the 17th century B.C. It is of importance to the history of Neurology as it contains the earliest mention in oriental literature of (a) the brain and meninges (b) calvarial and cervical vertebral injuries in details of pathology, symptomatology, treatment and prognosis and (c) functional localization in the brain and spine. Most importantly, Papyrus Smith is a statement of the medical ethic of its time.
一部公元前17世纪的外科纸莎草文献，即《埃德温·史密斯纸莎草文稿》，于1930年由詹姆斯·亨利·布雷斯特德以摹本、象形文字转写，并附上翻译和注释的形式出版。该纸莎草文稿于1862年由埃德温·史密斯在卢克索购得。这份文献创作于金字塔时代（公元前3000 - 2500年），现存的实物形式来自公元前17世纪。它对神经学历史具有重要意义，因为它在东方文献中最早提及了：（a）大脑和脑膜；（b）颅骨和颈椎损伤，包括病理、症状、治疗和预后的详细情况；以及（c）大脑和脊柱的功能定位。最重要的是，《史密斯纸莎草文稿》体现了当时的医学伦理。
