Neuroprotective potential of the oxindole alkaloids isomitraphylline and mitraphylline in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.

The purified oxindole alkaloids, isomitraphylline and mitraphylline from , revealed their ability to break amyloid aggregates in vitro suggesting their therapeutic potentials in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thioflavin-T assay for assessing amyloid- (Aβ) aggregation of these alkaloids exhibited inhibitions at 60.321% ± 2.61 (50 μM) for isomitraphylline and 43.17% ± 3.48 (50 μM) for mitraphylline. Neuroprotective effects were elaborated against Aβ-induced SH-SY5Y cells at 20 μM and 10 μM for isomitraphylline, and 20 μM for mitraphylline. In addition, both alkaloids attenuated and protected the HO-induced SH-SY5Y cell cytotoxicity at 20 μM. The intracellular ROS levels of SH-SY5Y cells from HO-induced oxidative stress were reduced at 20 μM and 10 μM, and the mitochondrial membrane potentials of Aβ-induced SH-SY5Y cells were protected at 20 μM. The overall results suggested the potentials of both alkaloids to target certain pathological biomarkers of AD and could be further investigated as therapeutic or preventive drug leads against AD.