Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal Karnataka, India.
Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Karnataka, India.
Perm J. 2020;24. doi: 10.7812/TPP/19.144. Epub 2020 Apr 22.
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are abnormalities affecting the temporomandibular joint, jaw muscles, or both. An intrinsic relationship reportedly exists between TMDs and psychosocial factors, including stress. Parafunctional habits such as bruxism and clenching are also known to be responsible for TMDs.
To determine the association of anxiety, depression, and bruxism with TMD symptoms and their relationship with age and sex.
Patients included in the study reported, as their chief concern, pain lasting for more than a week in the temporomandibular joint area and/or masticatory muscles. The patients were divided into age groups as follows: Younger than 20 years, 21 to 30 years, 31 to 40 years, 41 to 50 years, 51 to 60 years, and above 60 years. Patients were examined clinically and were asked to complete an anamnestic questionnaire (modified version of Helkimo Anamnestic Index) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).
Seventy-five patients (55 women, 20 men) were included in the study. The prevalence of TMDs was higher in female patients, of whom 33 (60%) had moderate to severe TMDs. Of the 20 male patients, 12 (60%) had signs and symptoms of moderate TMDs. Anxiety and depression scores were higher in female patients. No significant correlation was found between degree of malocclusion and TMDs.
We found correlations between the degree of TMD with age, sex, parafunctional habits, and psychosocial factors. Symptoms of TMD seemed to increase in patients with parafunctional habits, from younger to older age groups, and with increased anxiety and depression scores.
The degree of TMDs is higher in women, and TMDs are associated with higher anxiety and depression scores. Correlation between these factors paves the way for preventive actions aimed at those with moderate and severe signs of TMDs.
颞下颌关节紊乱（TMD）是影响颞下颌关节、咀嚼肌或两者的异常。据报道，TMD 与包括压力在内的社会心理因素之间存在内在关系。磨牙症和紧咬牙等副功能习惯也被认为是导致 TMD 的原因。
确定焦虑、抑郁和磨牙症与 TMD 症状的关联，以及它们与年龄和性别的关系。
研究纳入的患者自述颞下颌关节区域和/或咀嚼肌疼痛持续超过一周。患者分为以下年龄组：小于 20 岁、21 至 30 岁、31 至 40 岁、41 至 50 岁、51 至 60 岁和 60 岁以上。对患者进行临床检查，并要求他们完成病史问卷（Helkimo 病史索引的修订版）和医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HADS）。
研究纳入 75 名患者（55 名女性，20 名男性）。女性患者 TMD 的患病率更高，其中 33 名（60%）患有中度至重度 TMD。20 名男性患者中有 12 名（60%）有中度 TMD 的迹象和症状。女性患者的焦虑和抑郁评分较高。错颌畸形程度与 TMD 之间无显著相关性。
我们发现 TMD 程度与年龄、性别、副功能习惯和社会心理因素之间存在相关性。从年轻到老年，有副功能习惯的患者 TMD 症状似乎会增加，并且焦虑和抑郁评分也会增加。
女性 TMD 程度较高，且 TMD 与较高的焦虑和抑郁评分相关。这些因素之间的相关性为针对中度和重度 TMD 迹象的患者采取预防措施铺平了道路。
