Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80. Caixa Postal: 6121, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP: 13083-862, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Mar;28(11):13725-13735. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-11658-3. Epub 2020 Nov 16.
This study aimed to investigate the concentration of 33 pesticide residues in 60 black tea samples collected from Iran, determine their transfer rate, and assess their health risk during brewing. Pesticide extraction and analysis were performed by using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method and gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) of pesticides were ranged 0.1-7.26 and 0.8-24 μg/kg for dried tea leaves and 0.03-3.1 and 0.09-10 μg/L for the tea infusion, respectively. The levels of pesticide residue in 52 (86.67%) out of 60 tea samples were above the LOD (0.1-7.26 μg/kg). Twenty four (40%) of the samples contained pesticides in a concentration higher than the maximum residue limit (MRL) set by the European Commission (EC). Seven out of 33 validated pesticides were detected in dried tea leaf samples that only four of seven, including buprofezin, chlorpyrifos, hexaconazole, and triflumizole, were transferred into tea infusion, demonstrating that the concentrations of pesticides in infusion were raised during brewing. The risk assessment study for detected pesticides in the tea infusion samples indicated that this beverage consumption was safe for consumers, while the mean residue of some pesticides in positive samples was higher than the MRL; therefore, periodic control of these pesticides should be regularly implemented.
本研究旨在调查 60 份伊朗红茶样品中 33 种农药残留的浓度，测定其在冲泡过程中的转移率，并评估其健康风险。采用快速、简便、廉价、有效、耐用和安全（QuEChERS）方法和气相色谱/串联质谱（GC-MS/MS）分别进行农药提取和分析。农药检测限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）范围分别为 0.1-7.26μg/kg（干茶叶）和 0.8-24μg/kg（茶叶浸出液），0.03-3.1μg/L（茶叶浸出液）和 0.09-10μg/L（茶叶浸出液）。在 60 个茶样中，有 52 个（86.67%）的农药残留水平高于检出限（0.1-7.26μg/kg）。24 个（40%）的样品中农药残留浓度高于欧盟委员会（EC）设定的最大残留限量（MRL）。在干茶叶样品中检测到 33 种经验证的农药中的 7 种，其中只有 7 种中的 4 种（包括吡丙醚、毒死蜱、己唑醇和三氟咪啶）转移到了茶浸出液中，表明在冲泡过程中茶浸出液中的农药浓度升高。对茶浸出液样品中检出农药的风险评估研究表明，消费者饮用这种饮料是安全的，而阳性样品中一些农药的平均残留量高于 MRL；因此，应定期对这些农药进行控制。
