Emanuels Anne, Heimonen Jessica, O'Hanlon Jessica, Kim Ashley E, Wilcox Naomi, McCulloch Denise J, Brandstetter Elisabeth, Wolf Caitlin R, Logue Jennifer K, Han Peter D, Pfau Brian, Newman Kira L, Hughes James P, Jackson Michael L, Uyeki Timothy M, Boeckh Michael, Starita Lea M, Nickerson Deborah A, Bedford Trevor, Englund Janet A, Chu Helen Y
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Dec 6;73(11):e4411-e4418. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1719.
Noninfluenza respiratory viruses are responsible for a substantial burden of disease in the United States. Household transmission is thought to contribute significantly to subsequent transmission through the broader community. In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, contactless surveillance methods are of particular importance.
From November 2019 to April 2020, 303 households in the Seattle area were remotely monitored in a prospective longitudinal study for symptoms of respiratory viral illness. Enrolled participants reported weekly symptoms and submitted respiratory samples by mail in the event of an acute respiratory illness (ARI). Specimens were tested for 14 viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Participants completed all study procedures at home without physical contact with research staff.
In total, 1171 unique participants in 303 households were monitored for ARI. Of participating households, 128 (42%) included a child aged <5 years and 202 (67%) included a child aged 5-12 years. Of the 678 swabs collected during the surveillance period, 237 (35%) tested positive for 1 or more noninfluenza respiratory viruses. Rhinovirus, common human coronaviruses, and respiratory syncytial virus were the most common. Four cases of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 3 households.
This study highlights the circulation of respiratory viruses within households during the winter months during the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Contactless methods of recruitment, enrollment, and sample collection were utilized throughout this study and demonstrate the feasibility of home-based, remote monitoring for respiratory infections.
在美国，非流感呼吸道病毒导致了相当大的疾病负担。家庭传播被认为对随后在更广泛社区中的传播有重大贡献。在2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行的背景下，非接触式监测方法尤为重要。
2019年11月至2020年4月，在一项前瞻性纵向研究中，对西雅图地区的303户家庭进行了呼吸道病毒疾病症状的远程监测。登记参与者每周报告症状，在出现急性呼吸道疾病（ARI）时通过邮件提交呼吸道样本。使用逆转录聚合酶链反应对样本进行14种病毒检测，包括严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）。参与者在无需与研究人员进行身体接触的情况下在家中完成所有研究程序。
总共对303户家庭中的1171名独特参与者进行了ARI监测。参与家庭中，128户（42%）有一名年龄小于5岁的儿童，202户（67%）有一名年龄在5至12岁的儿童。在监测期间收集的678份拭子中，237份（35%）检测出一种或多种非流感呼吸道病毒呈阳性。鼻病毒、常见人类冠状病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒最为常见。在3户家庭中检测到4例SARS-CoV-2病例。
本研究强调了在SARS-CoV-2大流行出现期间的冬季，呼吸道病毒在家庭中的传播情况。在整个研究过程中采用了非接触式的招募、登记和样本采集方法，证明了基于家庭的远程监测呼吸道感染的可行性。
