Klerman G L
Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University Medical Center, New York.
J Clin Psychiatry. 1987 Dec;48 Suppl:33-8.
The epidemiologic identification of risk factors for suicide attempts and suicide deaths is important to clinical decision making and preventive public health efforts. The risk factors for suicide attempts include female sex, a recent stressful life event, methods of low lethality, impulsivity, and previous attempts. Risk factors for suicide deaths include a family history of suicide, male sex, and a psychiatric disorder. Suicide deaths in the "youth" birth cohort increased nearly 150% between 1960 and 1980. The term "youth" refers to those in the transitional period from adolescence to adulthood--roughly, between the ages of 18 and 30 years. An increase in substance abuse and in depressive disorders in this group paralleled the increase in suicide incidence. A novel, but frightening, tendency also noted in this group was social contagion--evidenced by clusters of suicides "mimicking" the suicide method and creating mini-epidemics.
确定自杀未遂和自杀死亡的危险因素对于临床决策和公共卫生预防工作至关重要。自杀未遂的危险因素包括女性、近期的生活压力事件、低致死性的方法、冲动性以及既往自杀未遂史。自杀死亡的危险因素包括家族自杀史、男性以及精神障碍。在“青年”出生队列中，自杀死亡人数在1960年至1980年间增加了近150%。“青年”一词指的是从青春期到成年期的过渡阶段人群——大致为18岁至30岁。该群体中药物滥用和抑郁症的增加与自杀发生率的上升平行。在该群体中还发现了一种新颖但令人恐惧的趋势——社会传染，表现为自杀事件“模仿”自杀方法并引发小规模流行。
