Department of Kinesiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire.
J Strength Cond Res. 2022 Aug 1;36(8):2147-2155. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003894. Epub 2020 Nov 16.
Gesel, FJ, Morenz, EK, Cleary, CJ, and LaRoche, DP. Acute effects of static and ballistic stretching on muscle-tendon unit stiffness, work absorption, strength, power, and vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2147-2155, 2022-The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of static and ballistic stretching on muscle-tendon unit (MTU) stiffness, work absorption (WA), strength, power, and countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) performance. Using a within-subject design, 22 subjects performed 3 separate experimental conditions: no-stretching, ballistic stretching, and static stretching for the quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteus, and plantarflexor muscle groups. After each condition, plantarflexor MTU stiffness, WA, isometric strength, and power were measured, followed by a CMJ on a force plate to obtain peak center of mass velocity, peak power, rate of force development, peak force, work, and vertical jump height. Repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni corrected post-hoc tests were used to detect differences between conditions for plantarflexor and CMJ measures. An acute bout of static stretching significantly reduced WA by 12% ( p = 0.049) and isokinetic power by 8% ( p = 0.047) compared with the control condition but ballistic stretching did not ( p = 0.624, p = 0.692, respectively). Significant positive correlations existed between MTU stiffness, WA, strength, and power ( r = 0.64-0.77, p < 0.001). Despite significant positive correlations between MTU stiffness, WA, and CMJ performance measures ( r = 0.40-0.72, p < 0.001), neither static nor ballistic stretching affected CMJ performance ( p > 0.05). These data show that stiffer MTU that absorb more work (energy) are associated with greater muscle force, power, and CMJ performance. Although an acute bout of static stretching impaired MTU passive-elastic properties and power production, neither static nor ballistic stretching impaired isometric strength or CMJ performance.
格塞尔，FJ，莫伦茨，EK，克里利，CJ，拉罗什，DP。静态和弹振拉伸对肌腱单位硬度、工作吸收、强度、功率和垂直跳跃性能的急性影响。J 力量与条件研究 36（8）：2147-2155，2022-本研究的目的是评估静态和弹振拉伸对肌腱单位（MTU）硬度、工作吸收（WA）、强度、功率和反跳垂直跳跃（CMJ）性能的影响。使用个体内设计，22 名受试者进行了 3 种不同的实验条件：不拉伸、弹振拉伸和静态拉伸股四头肌、腘绳肌、臀肌和跖屈肌。在每种情况下，测量跖屈肌 MTU 硬度、WA、等速强度和功率，然后在力量板上进行 CMJ，以获得质心速度峰值、功率峰值、力发展率、峰值力、工作和垂直跳跃高度。使用重复测量方差分析和 Bonferroni 校正后测检验检测跖屈肌和 CMJ 测量值之间的条件差异。与对照条件相比，急性单次静态拉伸显著降低了 12%的 WA（p=0.049）和 8%的等速功率（p=0.047），但弹振拉伸没有（p=0.624，p=0.692）。MTU 硬度、WA、强度和功率之间存在显著的正相关（r=0.64-0.77，p<0.001）。尽管 MTU 硬度、WA 和 CMJ 性能测量之间存在显著的正相关（r=0.40-0.72，p<0.001），但静态和弹振拉伸都没有影响 CMJ 性能（p>0.05）。这些数据表明，更硬的 MTU 吸收更多的工作（能量）与更大的肌肉力量、功率和 CMJ 性能相关。尽管急性单次静态拉伸会损害 MTU 的被动弹性特性和功率产生，但静态和弹振拉伸都不会损害等速强度或 CMJ 性能。
