Hope Katie J, Apley Michael D, Schrag Nora F D, Lubbers Brian V, Singer Randall S
College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2020 Nov;67 Suppl 1:94-110. doi: 10.1111/zph.12775.
This study describes antimicrobial use in 22 U.S. beef feedyards by use of two metrics: milligrams of antimicrobial per kilogram of liveweight sold (mg/kg-LW) and antimicrobial regimens per animal year (Reg/AY). The primary objectives were to determine the feasibility of collecting antimicrobial use data at the level of the production system and to identify factors unique to feedyard systems which may confound interpretation of summarized antimicrobial use measures. Records were accessed directly from feedyards or through a data intermediary and then subjected to a process of standardization and quality assurance. Use is reported at the study level with all individual cattle lots from all feedyards combined, as well as at the feedyard level where values were first calculated for each feedyard and then expressed as means, standard deviations and median values. Use at the study level is first reported by antimicrobial class and then by antimicrobial class within the use categories of in-feed, control of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and individual animal treatment. Due to wide variations of antimicrobial class within use category, feedyard level antimicrobial use is reported only by antimicrobial class. Use values for medically important and not medically important antimicrobial classes are reported separately. Regimens are described for each antimicrobial class within use category by milligrams per regimen and by timeframe from first to last administration. The authors' selection of measures reported here was driven by a desire to minimize necessary assumptions, resulting in transparent reporting of values which can be directly related back to the factors within feedyard systems which may have influenced calculations. Reporting the number of regimens stratified by antimicrobial class within use category and then describing the characteristics of the reported regimens (milligrams per regimen and timeframe) optimize these objectives for reporting.
本研究通过使用两种指标描述了美国22个肉牛饲养场的抗菌药物使用情况：每千克出售活重的抗菌药物毫克数（mg/kg-LW）和每头动物每年的抗菌药物使用方案数（Reg/AY）。主要目标是确定在生产系统层面收集抗菌药物使用数据的可行性，并识别饲养场系统中可能混淆抗菌药物使用汇总指标解释的独特因素。记录直接从饲养场获取或通过数据中介获取，然后进行标准化和质量保证流程。使用情况在研究层面报告，将所有饲养场的所有个体牛群合并，同时也在饲养场层面报告，先为每个饲养场计算数值，然后表示为均值、标准差和中位数。研究层面的使用情况首先按抗菌药物类别报告，然后在饲料中使用、牛呼吸道疾病（BRD）控制和个体动物治疗等使用类别内按抗菌药物类别报告。由于使用类别内抗菌药物类别的差异很大，饲养场层面的抗菌药物使用仅按抗菌药物类别报告。分别报告医学上重要和非医学上重要的抗菌药物类别的使用值。按使用类别内的每个抗菌药物类别描述使用方案，以每方案毫克数和从首次给药到最后给药的时间范围表示。作者选择在此报告的指标是出于尽量减少必要假设的愿望，从而透明地报告可直接追溯到可能影响计算的饲养场系统内因素的数值。按使用类别内的抗菌药物类别分层报告方案数量，然后描述报告方案的特征（每方案毫克数和时间范围），可优化这些报告目标。
