Yuan Shuai, Wang Xin, Wang Roujia, Luo Ruxin, Shi Yan, Shen Baohua, Liu Wei, Yu Zhiguo, Xiang Ping
School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China E-mail:
Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No. 1347 Guangfu Xi Road, Shanghai 200063, China.
Water Sci Technol. 2020 Nov;82(9):1771-1780. doi: 10.2166/wst.2020.445.
Assessing collective drug consumption based on the concentrations of illicit drugs and their metabolites in wastewater is a new technology. Currently, this technology is receiving attention in China, and methods for multiple illicit drug detection in wastewater are urgently needed. In our study, a method with a short runtime (7 min), a small solid-phase extraction (SPE) loading volume (50 mL) and high sensitivity (lower limits of quantitation (LLOQs) ranged from 0.2 to 5 ng/L) was developed for the simultaneous determination of amphetamines, ketamine, opiates, cocaine and their metabolites in wastewater. Samples were enriched by SPE on a mixed-mode sorbent (Oasis MCX) and analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.1 to 2 ng/L, and the LLOQs varied between 0.2 and 5 ng/L. Moreover, the method developed was applied to real wastewater samples collected from 15 different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In the results, the most abundant compounds were morphine (1.8-46.6 ng/L) and codeine (3.7-24.9 ng/L), which were detected in 13 WWTPs. After successful optimization of the UPLC-MS/MS conditions and sample loading pH, the method developed is able to meet the needs of common illicit drug monitoring and high-throughput analysis requirements.
基于废水中非法药物及其代谢物浓度评估集体药物消费量是一项新技术。目前，该技术在中国受到关注，迫切需要废水中多种非法药物的检测方法。在我们的研究中，开发了一种运行时间短（7分钟）、固相萃取（SPE）进样量小（50 mL）且灵敏度高（定量下限（LLOQ）范围为0.2至5 ng/L）的方法，用于同时测定废水中的苯丙胺类、氯胺酮、阿片类、可卡因及其代谢物。样品通过在混合模式吸附剂（Oasis MCX）上进行SPE富集，并通过超高效液相色谱 - 串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）进行分析。检测限（LOD）范围为0.1至2 ng/L，LLOQ在0.2至5 ng/L之间变化。此外，所开发的方法应用于从15个不同污水处理厂（WWTP）采集的实际废水样品。结果显示，含量最高的化合物是吗啡（1.8 - 46.6 ng/L）和可待因（3.7 - 24.9 ng/L），在13个污水处理厂中均有检出。在成功优化UPLC-MS/MS条件和进样样品pH值后，所开发的方法能够满足常见非法药物监测的需求以及高通量分析要求。
