Université Laval, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Québec, Canada.
Axe des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2021 Jan;21(1):40-49. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2639. Epub 2020 Nov 17.
is a globally distributed protozoan that mainly causes health issues in the fetuses of pregnant women who have never been exposed to this parasite and patients with deficient immune systems. Except in these vulnerable populations, the primary infection generally goes unnoticed in most healthy individuals. Apart from transplant/transfusion, congenital transmission, direct contact with infected cats or their feces, and environmental contamination (., oocysts in food, water, and soil) pathways, humans can acquire the parasite through consumption of animal tissues infected by . This meta-analysis estimated the risk of acquiring by consuming raw or undercooked meat, regardless of which animal species are eaten. Using a random-effect model, crude and adjusted pooled measures of association (risk and odds ratio) were estimated according to study design (cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies). The meta-analysis included measures of heterogeneity as well as quality rating scales for each study design. Our results suggest that individuals who eat raw or undercooked meat have, respectively, 1.2-1.3 times the risk and 1.7-3.0 times the odds of infection compared to those who thoroughly cook meat, regardless of the animal species they consume. These results align with the current understanding that adequately cooking meat inactivates the parasite and decreases the risk of transmission. Seroprevalence ranged from 1.3% to 88.6%, while the proportion of individuals eating raw or undercooked meat fluctuated from 0.7% to 98.3% across the studies in the meta-analysis. These numbers reflect various preferences with regard to eating meat (., eating tartar, sausages, or salamis) as well as individual, cultural and religious food habits, and personal awareness.
刚地弓形虫是一种全球性分布的原生动物寄生虫，主要对从未接触过这种寄生虫的孕妇胎儿和免疫系统功能低下的患者造成健康问题。除了这些易感染人群外，大多数健康个体的初次感染通常不会被察觉。除了移植/输血、先天性传播、直接接触受感染的猫或其粪便以及环境污染（例如，食物、水和土壤中的卵囊）途径外，人类还可以通过食用被感染的动物组织来感染该寄生虫。本荟萃分析估计了通过食用生的或未煮熟的肉来感染的风险，无论食用哪种动物。使用随机效应模型，根据研究设计（队列、病例对照和横断面研究）估算了未经调整和调整后的关联（风险和优势比）的汇总测量值。荟萃分析包括了对每个研究设计的异质性和质量评分量表的测量值。我们的结果表明，与彻底煮熟肉的人相比，食用生的或未煮熟的肉的个体感染的风险分别增加了 1.2-1.3 倍，感染的几率增加了 1.7-3.0 倍，而不论他们食用的动物种类如何。这些结果与目前的认识一致，即充分烹饪肉类可使寄生虫失活，降低传播风险。血清阳性率范围为 1.3%至 88.6%，而荟萃分析中研究报告的食用生的或未煮熟的肉的个体比例从 0.7%到 98.3%不等。这些数字反映了不同的食用肉类偏好（例如，食用鞑靼牛排、香肠或意大利香肠）以及个人、文化和宗教饮食习惯和个人意识。
