Centro de Investigación en Servicios Químicos y Microbiológicos, CEQIATEC, Escuela de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 159-7050, Costa Rica.
Master Program in Medical Devices Engineering, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 159-7050, Costa Rica.
Molecules. 2020 Nov 13;25(22):5286. doi: 10.3390/molecules25225286.
Recently, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine studies have evaluated smart biomaterials as implantable scaffolds and their interaction with cells for biomedical applications. Porous materials have been used in tissue engineering as synthetic extracellular matrices, promoting the attachment and migration of host cells to induce the in vitro regeneration of different tissues. Biomimetic 3D scaffold systems allow control over biophysical and biochemical cues, modulating the extracellular environment through mechanical, electrical, and biochemical stimulation of cells, driving their molecular reprogramming. In this review, first we outline the main advantages of using polysaccharides as raw materials for porous scaffolds, as well as the most common processing pathways to obtain the adequate textural properties, allowing the integration and attachment of cells. The second approach focuses on the tunable characteristics of the synthetic matrix, emphasizing the effect of their mechanical properties and the modification with conducting polymers in the cell response. The use and influence of polysaccharide-based porous materials as drug delivery systems for biochemical stimulation of cells is also described. Overall, engineered biomaterials are proposed as an effective strategy to improve in vitro tissue regeneration and future research directions of modified polysaccharide-based materials in the biomedical field are suggested.
最近，组织工程和再生医学研究已经评估了智能生物材料作为可植入支架，以及它们与细胞的相互作用，以用于生物医学应用。多孔材料已被用于组织工程中作为合成细胞外基质，促进宿主细胞的附着和迁移，以诱导不同组织的体外再生。仿生 3D 支架系统允许控制生物物理和生物化学线索，通过对细胞进行机械、电气和生化刺激来调节细胞外环境，从而驱动其分子重编程。在这篇综述中，首先我们概述了使用多糖作为多孔支架原材料的主要优点，以及获得适当的结构特性的最常见的加工途径，从而允许细胞的整合和附着。第二种方法侧重于合成基质的可调特性，强调其机械性能的影响以及与导电聚合物的修饰对细胞反应的影响。还描述了基于多糖的多孔材料作为细胞生化刺激的药物输送系统的用途和影响。总之，工程生物材料被提出作为改善体外组织再生的有效策略，并提出了在生物医学领域中改性多糖基材料的未来研究方向。
