Alves Gilda, Chantre Mariana, Delmonico Lucas
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/UERJ, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Patologia e Laboratórios, Laboratório de Marcadores Circulantes, Avenida Prof. Manuel de Abreu, 444, 4° andar, Vila Isabel, 20550-170 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro/UFRJ, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho/IBCCF, Laboratório de Radiações em Biologia, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G, Sala G0-036, Cidade Universitária, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
An Acad Bras Cienc. 2020 Nov 16;92(4):e20200919. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202020200919. eCollection 2020.
Circulating DNA can be released in the biological fluids by a physiological process and by different pathological conditions. The first reports detecting circulating DNA in human plasma date from the late 40s. Even when specific pathological conditions were analyzed, the clinical importance of circulating DNA remained unclear. After PCR introduction, genetic and epigenetic alterations in circulating DNA gained more prominence for understanding the mechanisms of cancer development and progression. Nowadays, the circulating DNA assays are highlighted for their clinical relevance for cancer screening in liquid biopsy. In this review, we described the landscape of studies on circulating DNA isolated from human plasma or serum and the molecular tools used to obtain these findings throughout the 20th century and the current application in cancer.
循环DNA可通过生理过程以及不同的病理状况在生物体液中释放。最早检测人血浆中循环DNA的报告可追溯到40年代末。即使在分析特定病理状况时，循环DNA的临床重要性仍不明确。PCR技术问世后，循环DNA中的基因和表观遗传改变在理解癌症发生和发展机制方面变得更加突出。如今，循环DNA检测因其在液体活检中对癌症筛查的临床相关性而备受关注。在本综述中，我们描述了从人血浆或血清中分离出的循环DNA的研究概况，以及在整个20世纪用于获得这些研究结果的分子工具，以及其在癌症方面的当前应用。
