ANSES, Risk Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
ANSES, Risk Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jan 20;753:141722. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141722. Epub 2020 Aug 15.
Despite the richness of data collected on pesticide concentrations in ambient air in France, knowledge on this topic remains partial and heterogeneous in the absence of specific regulations. The population exposure remains thus difficult to estimate; therefore it was necessary to define modalities for implementing national monitoring of pesticides in ambient air in metropolitan France and in the overseas territories. The objective of this work was to identify which active substances (a.s.) have to be monitored in priority. As part of a collective expertise, a group of multidisciplinary experts has developed a method to rank active substances authorised as plant protection products, biocides and antiparasitic agents, which were available on the French market in 2015. A 3-steps approach has been developed. The first step consisted of a theoretical approach based on a hierarchy of substances according to four criteria: (a) national uses, (b) emission potential to the air, (c) persistence in the air, and (d) chronic toxicity. The three first criteria give information on their potential to be present in the atmosphere, and the fourth criterion allows to consider their potential of hazard. The second step was an observational approach based on existing database on pesticide air measurements in France. In the third step, both approaches were combined using decision trees to select priority pesticides. Among the 1316 a.s. first identified from the EU Pesticides database, 90 were selected, among which 43 required metrological and/or analytical development. The experts recommended confirming the relevance of performing a longer term monitoring of these a. s. after a one-year exploratory campaign. The proposed method is reproduceable, transparent, easy to update (e.g. in the light of a change in product authorization), and can be adapted to other agricultural and geographical conditions, and objectives (e.g. monitoring of the ecotoxicological effects of pesticides).
尽管法国已经收集了大量关于环境空气中农药浓度的数据，但由于缺乏具体法规，该领域的知识仍然不够全面和统一。因此，人群暴露情况仍然难以估计；因此，有必要在法国本土和海外领土制定实施国家环境空气中农药监测的模式。这项工作的目的是确定要优先监测哪些活性物质。作为集体专业知识的一部分，一组多学科专家制定了一种方法，对 2015 年在法国市场上获得授权的植物保护产品、生物杀灭剂和驱虫剂中的活性物质进行优先排序。采用了三步法。第一步是基于根据四个标准对物质进行分级的理论方法：（a）国家用途，（b）向空气排放的潜力，（c）在空气中的持久性，和（d）慢性毒性。前三个标准提供了其存在于大气中的潜在信息，而第四个标准则允许考虑其潜在危害。第二步是基于法国农药空气测量现有数据库的观察方法。在第三步中，使用决策树将这两种方法结合起来，以选择优先农药。在从欧盟农药数据库中首次确定的 1316 种活性物质中，有 90 种被选中，其中 43 种需要计量和/或分析开发。专家建议在进行为期一年的探索性运动后，确认对这些活性物质进行长期监测的相关性。所提出的方法具有可重复性、透明性、易于更新（例如，根据产品授权的变化），并且可以适应其他农业和地理条件以及目标（例如，监测农药的生态毒理学效应）。
