Vermelho Alane Beatriz, Moreira Jean Vinícius, Akamine Ingrid Teixeira, Cardoso Veronica S, Mansoldo Felipe R P
Bioinovar Laboratory, General Microbiology Department, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
Center of Excellence in Fertilizers and Plant Nutrition (Cefenp), SEDEICS, Rio de Janeiro 21941-850, RJ, Brazil.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Oct 1;13(19):2762. doi: 10.3390/plants13192762.
Pesticide use in crops is a severe problem in some countries. Each country has its legislation for use, but they differ in the degree of tolerance for these broadly toxic products. Several synthetic pesticides can cause air, soil, and water pollution, contaminating the human food chain and other living beings. In addition, some of them can accumulate in the environment for an indeterminate amount of time. The agriculture sector must guarantee healthy food with sustainable production using environmentally friendly methods. In this context, biological biopesticides from microbes and plants are a growing green solution for this segment. Several pests attack crops worldwide, including weeds, insects, nematodes, and microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses, causing diseases and economic losses. The use of bioproducts from microorganisms, such as microbial biopesticides (MBPs) or microorganisms alone, is a practice and is growing due to the intense research in the world. Mainly, bacteria, fungi, and baculoviruses have been used as sources of biomolecules and secondary metabolites for biopesticide use. Different methods, such as direct soil application, spraying techniques with microorganisms, endotherapy, and seed treatment, are used. Adjuvants like surfactants, protective agents, and carriers improve the system in different formulations. In addition, microorganisms are a tool for the bioremediation of pesticides in the environment. This review summarizes these topics, focusing on the biopesticides of microbial origin.
在一些国家，农作物中使用农药是一个严重的问题。每个国家都有其关于农药使用的法规，但它们对这些具有广泛毒性的产品的容忍程度有所不同。几种合成农药会导致空气、土壤和水污染，污染人类食物链和其他生物。此外，其中一些农药会在环境中累积不确定的时间。农业部门必须通过采用环保方法进行可持续生产来保证提供健康的食品。在这种背景下，来自微生物和植物的生物农药是该领域日益增长的绿色解决方案。全球范围内有几种害虫会侵害农作物，包括杂草、昆虫、线虫以及真菌、细菌和病毒等微生物，从而导致疾病和经济损失。使用来自微生物的生物制品，如微生物生物农药（MBPs）或单独使用微生物，由于全球范围内的深入研究，这种做法正在不断增加。主要地，细菌、真菌和杆状病毒已被用作生物农药使用的生物分子和次生代谢产物的来源。人们采用了不同的方法，如直接土壤施用、微生物喷雾技术、体内疗法和种子处理。表面活性剂、保护剂和载体等助剂在不同配方中改善了该体系。此外，微生物是环境中农药生物修复的一种工具。本综述总结了这些主题，重点关注微生物源生物农药。
