Department of Sports Science, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01794, Korea.
Department of Sports Science, Korean Institute of Sports Science, Seoul 01794, Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 16;17(22):8464. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17228464.
(1) Background: Stress and pressure during competition and training impair athletes' performance in sports. However, the influence of mental stress on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) functioning in an athlete during the visual simulation task is unknown. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate hemodynamic responses during the visual-simulation task that induces pressure and stress using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. (2) Methods: Ten archers and ten non-athlete collegiate students performed a visual-simulation task. Participants' current stress levels were collected using a visual analog scale before and after the task. Average oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR), and total hemoglobin (HbT) levels and their variability (standard deviation (SD) HbO, SD HbR, and SD HbT) were computed to compare the neural efficiency between athlete and non-athlete. (3) Results: In general, both groups exhibited increased stress levels after the simulation task, and there was no group difference in overall average hemodynamic response from PFC and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). While the average hemodynamic response level did not differ between groups, variability in hemodynamic responses from the archer group showed a more stable pattern than the non-athlete group. (4) Conclusion: Under this experimental setting, decreasing the variability in hemodynamic responses during the visual simulation, potentially via stabilizing the fluctuation of PFC, was characterized by the stress-related compensatory neural strategy of elite archers.
(1) 背景：比赛和训练期间的压力会影响运动员的运动表现。然而，心理压力对运动员在视觉模拟任务期间的前额叶皮层（PFC）功能的影响尚不清楚。本初步研究的目的是使用功能近红外光谱法研究在视觉模拟任务期间引起压力和紧张的情况下的血液动力学反应。(2) 方法：10 名弓箭手和 10 名非运动员大学生进行了视觉模拟任务。参与者在任务前后使用视觉模拟量表收集当前的压力水平。计算平均氧合血红蛋白（HbO）、去氧血红蛋白（HbR）和总血红蛋白（HbT）水平及其变异性（HbO 的标准偏差（SD）、HbR 的 SD 和 HbT 的 SD），以比较运动员和非运动员之间的神经效率。(3) 结果：总体而言，两组在模拟任务后都表现出压力水平升高，并且 PFC 和背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）的整体平均血液动力学反应在组间没有差异。虽然组间平均血液动力学反应水平没有差异，但来自弓箭手组的血液动力学反应变异性显示出比非运动员组更稳定的模式。(4) 结论：在这种实验设置下，通过稳定 PFC 的波动，降低视觉模拟期间血液动力学反应的变异性，可能是优秀弓箭手与压力相关的补偿性神经策略的特征。
