Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, 79098 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
Department of Criminology, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law, 79100 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 16;17(22):8477. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17228477.
We aimed to validate four established questionnaires related to time perception in German (Consideration of Future Consequences-14 scale (CFC-14), Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS), Metacognitive Questionnaire on Time (MQT), and Self-Awareness Questionnaire (SAQ)) using a back-translation method. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted on the data of 273 German-speaking participants to evaluate the factorial structures. Internal consistencies indicated good reliability values of the questionnaires and the respective subscales, except for the MQT. Intercorrelations between the questionnaires were examined to test their external validities and gain additional insight into the associations among the constructs. The consideration of future consequences was negatively linked to boredom proneness, whereas interoceptive awareness of one's bodily sensations was positively associated with boredom proneness. Additionally, interoceptive awareness was linked to metacognitive beliefs about which factors influence time perception. The results are discussed in regard to human time perception. Conclusion: The validated German questionnaires can now be used in research projects. Initial observations on how the questionnaires are related to each other fit the current knowledge on how human time perception works, yielding the first evidence for the external validity of the German versions of these established questionnaires. For evidence of criterion validity, future studies should more thoroughly investigate the external validities analyzing the correlations with other validated measures.
我们旨在使用回译法验证与时间感知相关的四个已确立的德语问卷（未来考虑量表-14 项（CFC-14）、无聊倾向性量表（BPS）、时间元认知问卷（MQT）和自我意识问卷（SAQ））。我们对 273 名讲德语的参与者的数据进行了探索性因素分析，以评估其因子结构。问卷及其各分量表的内部一致性表明具有良好的可靠性，除了 MQT。通过检验问卷之间的相关性来检验它们的外部有效性，并深入了解这些结构之间的关联。对未来后果的考虑与无聊倾向性呈负相关，而对身体感觉的内感受意识与无聊倾向性呈正相关。此外，内感受意识与影响时间感知的元认知信念有关。这些结果在人类时间感知方面进行了讨论。结论：现在可以在研究项目中使用经过验证的德语问卷。关于这些问卷彼此之间的关系的初步观察结果符合当前关于人类时间感知如何运作的知识，为这些既定问卷的德语版本的外部有效性提供了初步证据。为了获得效标效度的证据，未来的研究应该更深入地研究与其他经过验证的测量方法的相关性，以分析其外部有效性。
