Wittmann Marc, Sircova Anna
Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam, Germany.
Institute for Frontier Areas in Psychology and Mental Health, Freiburg, Germany.
Heliyon. 2018 Oct 26;4(10):e00882. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00882. eCollection 2018 Oct.
With our attitudes and behavior, which aim at promoting sustainable behavior, we face a temporal dilemma - a temporal conflict between short-term and long-term interests. Accordingly, psychological time is an essential variable in understanding how people decide between options of short-term self-interest, which can be experienced at present, and long-term common interest, such as sustainable development with an outcome that lies far in the future. Present feelings are often so powerful that considerations of future events are neglected. Individuals differ in their emphasis on present and future dimensions. A stronger future orientation and a mindful present orientation are positive predictors of sustainable behavior; hedonistic and impulsive present orientations are negative predictors. We discuss the concept of the balanced time perspective as the propensity to consciously switch among the time orientations of past, present, and future. Fitting with their overall psychological profile, individuals with a balanced time perspective might display a range of sustainable attitudes and behaviors.
我们旨在促进可持续行为的态度和行为面临着一个时间困境——短期利益与长期利益之间的时间冲突。因此，心理时间是理解人们如何在当前可体验的短期自我利益选项与长期共同利益（如遥远未来才会有结果的可持续发展）之间做出抉择的一个关键变量。当下的感受往往非常强烈，以至于对未来事件的考量被忽视了。个体在对当下和未来维度的侧重上存在差异。更强的未来导向和正念当下导向是可持续行为的积极预测因素；享乐主义和冲动的当下导向则是消极预测因素。我们讨论了平衡时间观的概念，即有意识地在过去、现在和未来的时间导向之间切换的倾向。与他们的整体心理特征相契合，具有平衡时间观的个体可能会表现出一系列可持续的态度和行为。
