Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
Laboratory for the Determination of Biological Markers, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2021 Apr;34(2):314-323. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12837. Epub 2020 Nov 18.
Subsequent to the implementation of the universal salt iodisation policy, China has all but eliminated the iodine deficiency disorders. However, pregnant women are still experiencing mild iodine deficiency. The present study explored factors that could relate to mild iodine deficiency in pregnant women.
In total, 2400 pregnant women were enrolled using a multistage, stratified, random sampling method in Shanghai. Data were collected via a standardised questionnaire. The urine samples and household cooking salt samples were collected for the detection of urinary iodine and salt iodine concentrations.
The median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) was 148.0 μg L for all participants, and 155.0 μg L , 151.0 μg L and 139.6 μg L in the first, second and third trimesters. The MUIC in the third trimester was significantly lower than that of the first trimester (P < 0.05). The usage rates of iodised salt and qualified-iodised salt were 71.5% and 59.4%, respectively. Iodine-related knowledge score composition ratio was significantly different between the high and low UIC groups (P < 0.05). Participants' MUIC increased significantly with the increases in iodine-related knowledge score (P < 0.001). The third trimester was a significant risk factor for high UIC, whereas high iodine-related knowledge score, actively learning dietary knowledge and having a habit of consuming iodine-rich food were significant protective factors for high UIC (P < 0.05).
Iodine level is adequate among pregnant women in Shanghai during the first and the second trimesters, although it is is insufficient in the third trimester. Good iodine-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours are important for pregnant women with respect to maintaining adequate urinary iodine.
在中国实施普遍食盐碘化政策之后，碘缺乏病已基本消除。然而，孕妇仍存在轻度碘缺乏的情况。本研究旨在探讨与孕妇轻度碘缺乏相关的因素。
采用多阶段、分层、随机抽样的方法，在上海市共招募了 2400 名孕妇。通过标准化问卷收集数据。采集尿样和家庭用盐样，检测尿碘和盐碘浓度。
所有参与者的中位数尿碘浓度（M UIC）为 148.0μg/L，第一、二、三季度分别为 155.0μg/L、151.0μg/L 和 139.6μg/L。第三季度的 M UIC 明显低于第一季度（P<0.05）。碘盐和合格碘盐的使用率分别为 71.5%和 59.4%。高、低 UIC 组的碘相关知识得分构成比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。参与者的 M UIC 随碘相关知识得分的增加而显著升高（P<0.001）。第三孕期是高 UIC 的显著危险因素，而高碘相关知识得分、主动学习膳食知识和有摄入富碘食物的习惯是高 UIC 的显著保护因素（P<0.05）。
上海市孕妇在第一和第二孕期碘水平充足，但在第三孕期碘水平不足。良好的碘相关知识、态度和行为对维持孕妇充足的尿碘水平非常重要。
