Department of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
Research center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
Curr Pharm Des. 2021;27(9):1194-1201. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666201118112203.
To date, more than thirty animals have been tested positive for SARS-CoV-2; all of them infected by humans with COVID-19. Some animal experiments suggested the possibility of animal to animal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 that was seen in some cases of infected animals. Animal to human transmission was considered unlikely until investigations revealed the possibility of mink to human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the Netherlands.
The current study aims at highlighting the predominance of SARS-CoV-2 infection in various animal species, reverse zoonotic transmission and proposing possible animal models that might aid in the study and development of a vaccine against Covid-19.
The authors have gathered information on various animal species infected with SARS-CoV-2 and possible tests conducted via online news reports, websites and Scopus indexed journals.
The study of the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 to domestic animals concluded that pigs, chicken, and ducks were not vulnerable to Covid-19; dogs showed less susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and cats as well as ferrets were seen susceptible to Covid-19. SARS-CoV-2 has been seen crossing the species barrier, infecting humans from the wild with the yet unclear source, spreading from humans to humans quickly, humans to animals, animals to animals, and is likely to spread from animals to humans even though minimally. Animals appear somewhat resistant to SARS-CoV-2 transmission compared to humans who globally crossed eight million infection cases, and the infected animals mostly do not show many complications and recover quickly.
Precautions are advised to prevent human to animal transmission of the virus, and in some areas, to avoid animal to human spread of the virus. Further monitoring is required to assess the SARS-CoV-2 infection in animals as COVID-19 is a rapidly evolving condition worldwide. Cats and ferrets have physiological resemblance and genome sequencing studies propose the possibility of these species to be used as animal models for investigating the SARS-CoV-2 infection and this might aid in further studies and vaccine development against Covid-19.
迄今为止，已有三十多种动物检测出 SARS-CoV-2 呈阳性；所有这些动物均由感染 COVID-19 的人类感染。一些动物实验表明，SARS-CoV-2 存在动物间传播的可能性，在一些感染动物中已观察到这种情况。在荷兰，人们发现了水貂向人类传播 SARS-CoV-2 的可能性，这表明动物向人类传播的可能性不大。
本研究旨在强调 SARS-CoV-2 在各种动物物种中的感染流行情况、反向人畜共患病传播，并提出可能的动物模型，以帮助研究和开发针对 COVID-19 的疫苗。
作者通过在线新闻报道、网站和 Scopus 索引期刊收集了感染 SARS-CoV-2 的各种动物物种的信息，并可能进行的相关检测。
对 SARS-CoV-2 对家畜易感性的研究表明，猪、鸡和鸭不易感染 COVID-19；狗对 SARS-CoV-2 的易感性较低，而猫和雪貂则易感染 COVID-19。SARS-CoV-2 已跨越物种屏障，从野生动物感染人类，但其来源尚不清楚，在人与人之间迅速传播，也可从人传染给动物，从动物传染给动物，尽管可能性较小，但也可能从动物传染给人类。与全球感染病例已超过 800 万的人类相比，动物对 SARS-CoV-2 的传播似乎具有一定的抵抗力，受感染的动物大多没有出现许多并发症，且能迅速康复。
建议采取预防措施，防止病毒在人类与动物之间传播，在某些地区，还应避免病毒在动物与人之间传播。需要进一步监测，以评估动物中的 SARS-CoV-2 感染情况，因为 COVID-19 是一种在全球范围内迅速演变的疾病。猫和雪貂在生理上具有相似性，基因组测序研究表明，这些物种有可能作为研究 SARS-CoV-2 感染的动物模型，这可能有助于进一步研究和开发针对 COVID-19 的疫苗。
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