Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India.
Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States.
Curr Drug Targets. 2021;22(7):722-733. doi: 10.2174/1389450121666201119141015.
Colorectal carcinogenesis involves various processes from the accumulation of genetic alterations to genetic and epigenetic modulations and chromosomal abnormalities. It also involves mutations in oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Genomic instability plays a vital role in CRC. Advances in modern biological techniques and molecular level studies have identified various genes involved in colorectal cancer (CRC). KRAS, BRAF, PI3K, and p53 genes play a significant role in different phases of CRC. Alteration of these genes leads to development or progression and metastasis colon cancer. This review focuses on the role of KRAS, BRAF, PI3KCA, and TP53 genes in carcinogenesis and their significance in various stages of CRC. It also provides insights on specific modulators acting on these genes. Further, this review discusses the mechanism of the pathways involving these genes in carcinogenesis and current molecules and treatment options under various stages of clinical evaluation.
结直肠癌的发生涉及从遗传改变积累到基因和表观遗传调控以及染色体异常的各种过程。它还涉及癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因的突变。基因组不稳定性在 CRC 中起着至关重要的作用。现代生物技术和分子水平研究的进展已经确定了参与结直肠癌（CRC）的各种基因。KRAS、BRAF、PI3K 和 p53 基因在 CRC 的不同阶段发挥重要作用。这些基因的改变导致结肠癌的发展或进展和转移。本综述重点介绍 KRAS、BRAF、PI3KCA 和 TP53 基因在癌变中的作用及其在 CRC 各个阶段的意义。它还提供了关于针对这些基因的特定调节剂的见解。此外，本综述讨论了涉及这些基因的途径在癌变中的机制，以及在各个临床评估阶段的现有分子和治疗选择。
