Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
Diabetes. 2020 Dec;69(12):2541-2548. doi: 10.2337/dbi20-0012.
Beyond classical metabolic functions in energy storage and energy expenditure, adipose tissue is also a dynamic endocrine organ that secretes bioactive factors into blood plasma. Historically, studies of the adipose secretome have predominantly focused on polypeptide adipokines. Recently, adipose-derived blood-borne lipids ("lipokines") have emerged as a distinct class of endocrine factors. Lipokines are intimately connected to intracellular pathways of fatty acid metabolism and therefore uniquely poised to communicate the intracellular energy status of adipocytes to other nonadipose tissues including liver, muscle, and pancreas. Here, we discuss recent progress on our understanding of adipose-secreted lipokines as endocrine regulators of glucose and lipid metabolism. We also provide our perspective on future directions for adipose-secreted lipids, including limitations of the currently available experimental data as well as potential strategies for addressing the remaining open questions.
除了在能量储存和能量消耗方面的经典代谢功能外，脂肪组织还是一种具有分泌生物活性因子到血浆功能的动态内分泌器官。从历史上看，对脂肪分泌组的研究主要集中在多肽脂肪因子上。最近，脂肪衍生的血液源性脂质（“脂因子”）已成为一类独特的内分泌因子。脂因子与脂肪酸代谢的细胞内途径密切相关，因此能够将脂肪细胞的细胞内能量状态独特地传递给其他非脂肪组织，包括肝脏、肌肉和胰腺。在这里，我们讨论了我们对脂肪分泌的脂因子作为葡萄糖和脂质代谢的内分泌调节剂的最新理解。我们还提供了对未来脂肪分泌脂质的展望，包括当前可用实验数据的局限性以及解决剩余未解决问题的潜在策略。
