Yoshida Kumi, Ito Daisuke, Miki Naoko, Kondo Tadao
Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
New Phytol. 2021 Mar;229(6):3549-3557. doi: 10.1111/nph.17099. Epub 2020 Dec 19.
Hydrangea sepals exhibit a wide range of colors, from red, through purple, to blue; the purple color is a color mosaic. However, all of these colors are derived from the same components: simple anthocyanins, 3-O-glycosyldelphinidins, three co-pigment components, acylquinic acids and aluminum ions (Al ). We show the color mosaic is a result of graded differences in intravacuolar factors. In order to clarify the mechanisms of mosaic color, we performed single-cell analyses of vacuolar pH, and anthocyanin, co-pigment and Al content. From the sepals, a protoplast mixture of various colors was obtained. The cell color was evaluated by microspectrophotometry and vacuolar pH then was recorded by using a pH microelectrode. The organic and Al contents were quantified by micro-HPLC. We found that the bluer the cell, the greater the ratio of 5-O-acylquinic acids and Al to anthocyanins. Furthermore, reproducing experiments were conducted by mixing the components under various pH condition; all the colors could be reproduced in the various mixing conditions. Based on the above, we provide experimental evidence for cell color variation in hydrangea. Our study demonstrates the expression of phenotypic differences without any direct genomic control.
绣球花萼片呈现出广泛的颜色，从红色到紫色再到蓝色；紫色是一种色彩镶嵌。然而，所有这些颜色都源自相同的成分：简单花青素、3 - O - 糖苷矢车菊素、三种共色素成分、酰基奎宁酸和铝离子（Al）。我们发现这种色彩镶嵌是液泡内因素分级差异的结果。为了阐明镶嵌颜色的机制，我们对液泡pH值以及花青素、共色素和铝含量进行了单细胞分析。从萼片中获得了各种颜色的原生质体混合物。通过显微分光光度法评估细胞颜色，然后使用pH微电极记录液泡pH值。通过微量高效液相色谱法定量有机成分和铝含量。我们发现细胞越蓝，5 - O - 酰基奎宁酸和铝与花青素的比例就越大。此外，在各种pH条件下混合这些成分进行了重现实验；在各种混合条件下都能重现所有颜色。基于以上内容，我们为绣球花细胞颜色变化提供了实验证据。我们的研究证明了在没有任何直接基因组控制的情况下表型差异的表达。
