Bruni Oliviero, DelRosso Lourdes M, Melegari Maria Grazia, Ferri Raffaele
Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, Rome 00185, Italy.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2021 Jan;30(1):131-142. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2020.08.007. Epub 2020 Oct 27.
Parasomnias usually present in childhood and resolve spontaneously. The diagnosis of non-rapid eye movement-related parasomnias is mainly based on clinical descriptors and can be challenging. Rapid eye movement-related parasomnias may index an underlying psychiatric disorder. Even if benign, parasomnias can affect quality of life. Pediatricians and child psychiatrists should be familiarized with these sleep disorders and suggest adequate sleep hygiene, avoidance of sleep deprivation, and regular bedtimes even on weekends as the first step in management of these disorders. Clinicians should pursue the opportunity for tailoring treatments and consider referral to a sleep expert when indicated.
睡眠障碍通常在儿童期出现并自发缓解。非快速眼动相关睡眠障碍的诊断主要基于临床描述，可能具有挑战性。快速眼动相关睡眠障碍可能提示潜在的精神障碍。即使是良性的，睡眠障碍也会影响生活质量。儿科医生和儿童精神科医生应熟悉这些睡眠障碍，并建议采取适当的睡眠卫生措施，避免睡眠不足，即使在周末也要保持规律的就寝时间，作为管理这些障碍的第一步。临床医生应寻求量身定制治疗方案的机会，并在必要时考虑转诊给睡眠专家。
