“生态释放”在21世纪的演变。

The Evolution of 'Ecological Release' into the 21st Century.

作者信息

Herrmann Nicholas C, Stroud James T, Losos Jonathan B

机构信息

Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.

出版信息

Trends Ecol Evol. 2021 Mar;36(3):206-215. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.10.019. Epub 2020 Nov 19.

DOI:10.1016/j.tree.2020.10.019

PMID:33223276

Abstract

Ecological release, originally conceived as niche expansion following a reduction in interspecific competition, may prompt invasion success, morphological evolution, speciation, and other ecological and evolutionary outcomes. However, the concept has not been recently reviewed. Here, we trace the study of 'ecological release' from its inception through the present day and find that current definitions are broad and highly varied. Viewing this development as a potential impediment to clear communication and hypothesis testing, we suggest a consensus definition for ecological release: niche expansions and shifts when a constraining interspecific interaction is reduced or removed. In rationalizing this definition, we highlight the various ways ecological release can unfold and address its potential evolutionary consequences.

摘要

生态释放最初被认为是种间竞争减少后的生态位扩张，它可能会促使入侵成功、形态进化、物种形成以及产生其他生态和进化结果。然而，这一概念最近尚未得到审视。在这里，我们追溯了“生态释放”从其起源至今的研究历程，发现当前的定义宽泛且差异很大。鉴于这种发展态势可能会对清晰的交流和假设检验造成阻碍，我们建议为生态释放给出一个共识定义：当一种具有限制作用的种间相互作用减少或消除时所发生的生态位扩张和转变。在对这一定义进行合理化阐释时，我们强调了生态释放可能展现的各种方式，并探讨了其潜在的进化后果。