Giano Zachary, Camplain Ricky L, Camplain Carolyn, Pro George, Haberstroh Shane, Baldwin Julie A, Wheeler Denna L, Hubach Randolph D
Center for Rural Health, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona.
Am J Prev Med. 2021 Feb;60(2):213-221. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.08.020. Epub 2020 Nov 20.
Adverse childhood experiences are linked to deleterious outcomes in adulthood. Certain populations have been shown to be more vulnerable to adversity in childhood than others. Despite these findings, research in this area lacks an empirical investigation that examines adverse childhood experiences among American Indian and Alaska Native populations using large, nationally representative data. As such, the authors have compiled what they believe is the largest empirical investigation of adverse childhood experiences among American Indian and Alaska Native individuals to date.
Data were collected from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from 34 states (2009-2017), whereby all individuals self-report as American Indian and Alaska Native (N=3,894). Adverse childhood experience scores were calculated and further stratified by sex, age, household income, education, employment status, sexual orientation, Census region, and state. In addition, frequencies and prevalence of each adverse childhood experience domain (stratified by the same categories) were calculated. Analysis was conducted in 2019.
The average adverse childhood experience score among American Indians and Alaska Natives was 2.32, higher than those of individuals identifying as White (1.53), Black (1.66), and Hispanic (1.63). Female participants had a higher average adverse childhood experience score than male participants (2.52 vs 2.12). Generally, younger individuals and those with lower incomes reported higher adverse childhood experience scores, whereas those with higher educational attainment reported lower scores.
Compared with the few studies among American Indian and Alaska Native populations that have used either smaller samples or nontraditional adverse childhood experience data (i.e., asking parents about their children's experiences), these results present overall higher adverse childhood experience averages than previously published studies. Nevertheless, aligning with other research on adverse childhood experiences, female individuals, younger adults, and sexual minorities reported higher adverse childhood experiences scores than other categories in their respective demographics.
童年不良经历与成年后的有害后果相关。研究表明，某些人群在童年时期比其他人群更容易受到逆境的影响。尽管有这些发现，但该领域的研究缺乏一项实证调查，即使用大规模、具有全国代表性的数据来研究美国印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民中的童年不良经历。因此，作者们汇编了他们认为迄今为止对美国印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民个体童年不良经历进行的最大规模实证调查。
数据收集自34个州的行为风险因素监测系统（2009 - 2017年），所有个体自我报告为美国印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民（N = 3894）。计算童年不良经历得分，并按性别、年龄、家庭收入、教育程度、就业状况、性取向、人口普查区域和州进一步分层。此外，计算每个童年不良经历领域（按相同类别分层）的频率和患病率。分析于2019年进行。
美国印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民的平均童年不良经历得分为2.32，高于自我认同为白人（1.53）、黑人（1.66）和西班牙裔（1.63）的个体。女性参与者的平均童年不良经历得分高于男性参与者（2.52对2.12）。一般来说，较年轻的个体和收入较低的个体报告的童年不良经历得分较高，而教育程度较高的个体报告的得分较低。
与少数针对美国印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民人群的研究相比，这些研究要么样本较小，要么使用非传统的童年不良经历数据（即询问父母关于其子女的经历），这些结果显示总体童年不良经历平均值高于先前发表的研究。然而，与其他关于童年不良经历的研究一致，女性个体、年轻成年人和性少数群体在各自人口统计类别中报告的童年不良经历得分高于其他类别。
